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Planning is central to agents and agentic AI. The ability to plan, e.g., creating travel itineraries within a budget, holds immense potential in both scientific and commercial contexts. Moreover, optimal plans tend to require fewer…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Haoming Li , Zhaoliang Chen , Jonathan Zhang , Fei Liu

While agent evaluation has shifted toward long-horizon tasks, most benchmarks still emphasize local, step-level reasoning rather than the global constrained optimization (e.g., time and financial budgets) that demands genuine planning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Yinger Zhang , Shutong Jiang , Renhao Li , Jianhong Tu , Yang Su , Lianghao Deng , Xudong Guo , Chenxu Lv , Junyang Lin

For web agents to be practically useful, they must adapt to the continuously evolving web environment characterized by frequent updates to user interfaces and content. However, most existing benchmarks only capture the static aspects of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-17 Yichen Pan , Dehan Kong , Sida Zhou , Cheng Cui , Yifei Leng , Bing Jiang , Hangyu Liu , Yanyi Shang , Shuyan Zhou , Tongshuang Wu , Zhengyang Wu

The development of LLM-based autonomous agents for end-to-end software development represents a significant paradigm shift in software engineering. However, the scientific evaluation of these systems is hampered by significant challenges,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Zhengran Zeng , Yixin Li , Rui Xie , Wei Ye , Shikun Zhang

The rise of agentic AI systems, where agents collaborate to perform diverse tasks, poses new challenges with observing, analyzing and optimizing their behavior. Traditional evaluation and benchmarking approaches struggle to handle the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Dany Moshkovich , Hadar Mulian , Sergey Zeltyn , Natti Eder , Inna Skarbovsky , Roy Abitbol

Large Language Models (LLMs), such as OpenAI-o1 and DeepSeek-R1, have demonstrated strong reasoning capabilities. To further enhance LLM capabilities, recent agentic systems, such as Deep Research, incorporate web interactions into LLM…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Song Bian , Minghao Yan , Anand Jayarajan , Gennady Pekhimenko , Shivaram Venkataraman

Despite recent advances, LLM-based web agents still struggle with limited exploration, omission of critical steps, and sensitivity to task constraints. Prior work suggests that many of these failures stem from weaknesses in planning, yet…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Alejandra Zambrano , Sara Vera Marjanovic , Imene Kerboua , Xing Han Lù , Leila Kosseim

This paper studies the next major bottleneck in agentic AI as system scaling, not only model scaling: the design of auditable, persistent, modular, and verifiable architectures around foundation models. We refer to this shift as scaling the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Shangding Gu

Developing autonomous agents for web-based tasks is a core challenge in AI. While Large Language Model (LLM) agents can interpret complex user requests, they often operate as black boxes, making it difficult to diagnose why they fail or how…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Orit Shahnovsky , Rotem Dror

Agentic search such as Deep Research systems-where agents autonomously browse the web, synthesize information, and return comprehensive citation-backed answers-represents a major shift in how users interact with web-scale information. While…

Planning has been part of the core pursuit for artificial intelligence since its conception, but earlier AI agents mostly focused on constrained settings because many of the cognitive substrates necessary for human-level planning have been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Jian Xie , Kai Zhang , Jiangjie Chen , Tinghui Zhu , Renze Lou , Yuandong Tian , Yanghua Xiao , Yu Su

Autonomous agents have recently achieved remarkable progress across diverse domains, yet most evaluations focus on short-horizon, fully observable tasks. In contrast, many critical real-world tasks, such as large-scale software development,…

Recent advances in browser-based LLM agents have shown promise for automating tasks ranging from simple form filling to hotel booking or online shopping. Current benchmarks measure agent performance in controlled environments, such as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Su Kara , Fazle Faisal , Suman Nath

AI agents -- systems that combine foundation models with reasoning, planning, memory, and tool use -- are rapidly becoming a practical interface between natural-language intent and real-world computation. This survey synthesizes the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Bin Xu

Agents, language model-based systems capable of reasoning, planning, and acting are widely adopted in real-world tasks, yet how their performance changes as these systems scale across key dimensions remains underexplored. We introduce…

As digitalization and cloud technologies evolve, the web is becoming increasingly important in the modern society. Autonomous web agents based on large language models (LLMs) hold a great potential in work automation. It is therefore…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Tianci Xue , Weijian Qi , Tianneng Shi , Chan Hee Song , Boyu Gou , Dawn Song , Huan Sun , Yu Su

Agentic Web is an emerging paradigm where autonomous agents help users use online information. As the paradigm develops, content providers are also deploying agents to manage their data and serve it through controlled interfaces. This shift…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Shanshan Zhong , Kate Shen , Chenyan Xiong

General-purpose agents perform tasks in unfamiliar environments without domain-specific manual customization. Yet no study has systematically measured how agent architecture shapes performance across heterogeneous protocols and diverse…

This survey paper examines the recent advancements in AI agent implementations, with a focus on their ability to achieve complex goals that require enhanced reasoning, planning, and tool execution capabilities. The primary objectives of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Tula Masterman , Sandi Besen , Mason Sawtell , Alex Chao

The convergence of Web3 technologies and AI agents represents a rapidly evolving frontier poised to reshape decentralized ecosystems. This paper presents the first and most comprehensive analysis of the intersection between Web3 and AI…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Yiming Shen , Jiashuo Zhang , Zhenzhe Shao , Wenxuan Luo , Yanlin Wang , Ting Chen , Zibin Zheng , Jiachi Chen
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