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This work addresses the situation where a black-box model with good predictive performance is chosen over its interpretable competitors, and we show interpretability is still achievable in this case. Our solution is to find an interpretable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-13 Tong Wang

Optimization is offered as an objective approach to resolving complex, real-world decisions involving uncertainty and conflicting interests. It drives business strategies as well as public policies and, increasingly, lies at the heart of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-01 Benjamin Laufer , Thomas Krendl Gilbert , Helen Nissenbaum

Being able to interpret, or explain, the predictions made by a machine learning model is of fundamental importance. This is especially true when there is interest in deploying data-driven models to make high-stakes decisions, e.g. in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-01 An-phi Nguyen , María Rodríguez Martínez

Decision-making in complex systems often relies on machine learning models, yet highly accurate models such as XGBoost and neural networks can obscure the reasoning behind their predictions. In operations research applications,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Gaurav Arwade , Sigurdur Olafsson

The ability to interpret machine learning models has become increasingly important now that machine learning is used to inform consequential decisions. We propose an approach called model extraction for interpreting complex, blackbox…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-03-14 Osbert Bastani , Carolyn Kim , Hamsa Bastani

Model interpretability has become an important problem in machine learning (ML) due to the increased effect that algorithmic decisions have on humans. Counterfactual explanations can help users understand not only why ML models make certain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-20 Ana Lucic , Harrie Oosterhuis , Hinda Haned , Maarten de Rijke

As artificial intelligence (AI) systems become increasingly integrated into critical decision-making processes, the need for transparent and interpretable models has become paramount. In this article we present a new ruleset creation method…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Mario Parrón Verdasco , Esteban García-Cuesta

Learning interpretable models has become a major focus of machine learning research, given the increasing prominence of machine learning in socially important decision-making. Among interpretable models, rule lists are among the best-known…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Leonardo Pellegrina , Fabio Vandin

We consider the optimization of an uncertain objective over continuous and multi-dimensional decision spaces in problems in which we are only provided with observational data. We propose a novel algorithmic framework that is tractable,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-10-30 Dimitris Bertsimas , Christopher McCord

This paper describes methods for comparative evaluation of the interpretability of models of high dimensional time series data inferred by unsupervised machine learning algorithms. The time series data used in this investigation were logs…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-05-05 Nicholas Hoernle , Kobi Gal , Barbara Grosz , Leilah Lyons , Ada Ren , Andee Rubin

The increasing use of machine learning in high-stakes domains -- where people's livelihoods are impacted -- creates an urgent need for interpretable, fair, and highly accurate algorithms. With these needs in mind, we propose a mixed integer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-26 Nathanael Jo , Sina Aghaei , Andrés Gómez , Phebe Vayanos

We provide a novel notion of what it means to be interpretable, looking past the usual association with human understanding. Our key insight is that interpretability is not an absolute concept and so we define it relative to a target model,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-10-30 Amit Dhurandhar , Vijay Iyengar , Ronny Luss , Karthikeyan Shanmugam

Implicit variables of an optimization problem are used to model variationally challenging feasibility conditions in a tractable way while not entering the objective function. Hence, it is a standard approach to treat implicit variables as…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-01 Patrick Mehlitz

Interpretable classification models are built with the purpose of providing a comprehensible description of the decision logic to an external oversight agent. When considered in isolation, a decision tree, a set of classification rules, or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-18 Riccardo Guidotti , Salvatore Ruggieri

Advanced machine learning models have recently achieved high predictive accuracy for weather and climate prediction. However, these complex models often lack inherent transparency and interpretability, acting as "black boxes" that impede…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-03-29 Ruyi Yang , Jingyu Hu , Zihao Li , Jianli Mu , Tingzhao Yu , Jiangjiang Xia , Xuhong Li , Aritra Dasgupta , Haoyi Xiong

Personalisation of products and services is fast becoming the driver of success in banking and commerce. Machine learning holds the promise of gaining a deeper understanding of and tailoring to customers' needs and preferences. Whereas…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-30 Charl Maree , Christian Omlin

Complex machine learning algorithms are used more and more often in critical tasks involving text data, leading to the development of interpretability methods. Among local methods, two families have emerged: those computing importance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Gianluigi Lopardo , Damien Garreau

Interpretability in machine learning (ML) is crucial for high stakes decisions and troubleshooting. In this work, we provide fundamental principles for interpretable ML, and dispel common misunderstandings that dilute the importance of this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-02 Cynthia Rudin , Chaofan Chen , Zhi Chen , Haiyang Huang , Lesia Semenova , Chudi Zhong

Machine learning algorithms often assume that training samples are independent. When data points are connected by a network, the induced dependency between samples is both a challenge, reducing effective sample size, and an opportunity to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-09-22 Tiffany M. Tang , Elizaveta Levina , Ji Zhu

Interpretability is often pointed out as a key requirement for trustworthy machine learning. However, learning and releasing models that are inherently interpretable leaks information regarding the underlying training data. As such…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Julien Ferry , Ulrich Aïvodji , Sébastien Gambs , Marie-José Huguet , Mohamed Siala