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Gas samples relevant to health and environment typically contain a plethora of molecular species that span a huge concentration dynamic range. High-concentration molecules impose a strong absorption background that hinders robust…
We demonstrate low-noise Kerr soliton frequency combs with repetition rates below 1~GHz in ultrahigh-Q crystalline magnesium fluoride resonators. Single soliton states with repetition rates of 0.90 GHz, 1.19 GHz, 1.59 GHz, 2.48 GHz, and…
Reducing the pulse repetition rate of an optical frequency comb increases the pulse energy for a given average power. This enhances the efficiency of nonlinear frequency conversion and it facilitates extending the accessible wavelength…
Mid-infrared frequency comb spectroscopy enables measurement of molecular at megahertz spectral resolution, sub-hertz frequency accuracy and microsecond acquisition speed. However, the widespread adoption of this technique has been hindered…
We devise a new detection technique for mid-infrared multi-heterodyne spectroscopy. As an experimental implementation, mid-infrared light interrogates a gas sample in the 3-$\mu$m region of the fundamental CH, OH, NH stretch in molecules…
We present a new type of dual optical frequency comb source capable of scaling applications to high measurement speeds while combining high average power, ultra-low noise operation, and a compact setup. Our approach is based on a…
Spectral analysis is one of the most powerful technologies for studying and understanding matter. As the devices for spectral analysis, spectrometers are widely used in material detection, isotope analysis, trace gas detection, and the…
Providing an accurate, representative sample of mass flux across large open areas for atmospheric studies or the extreme conditions of a hypersonic engine is challenging for traditional intrusive or point-based sensors. Here, we demonstrate…
All-polarization-maintaining, single-port Er:fiber combs offer long-term robust operation as well as high stability. We have built two such combs and evaluated the transfer noise for linking optical clocks. A uniformly broadened spectrum…
Mid-infrared (mid-IR) spectroscopy provides a way to study structures and dynamics of complicated molecules in condensed phases. Therefore, developing compact and broadband mid-IR spectrometer has been a long-standing challenge. Here, we…
We demonstrate coherent dual frequency-comb spectroscopy for detecting variations in greenhouse gases. High signal-to-noise spectra are acquired spanning 5990 to 6260 cm^-1 (1600 to 1670 nm) covering ~700 absorption features from CO2, CH4,…
Non-perturbative and phase-sensitive light-matter interactions have led to the generation of attosecond pulses of light and the control electrical currents on the same timescale. Traditionally, probing these effects via high harmonic…
The cavity electromechanical devices with radiation-pressure-interaction induced Kerr-like nonlinearity are promising candidates to generate microwave frequency combs. We construct a silicon-nitride-membrane-based superconducting cavity…
Optical frequency combs based on semiconductor lasers are a promising technology for monolithic integration of dual-comb spectrometers. However, the stabilization of the offset frequency fceo remains a challenging feat due the lack of…
Mid-infrared high-resolution spectroscopy has proven an invaluable tool for the study of the structure and dynamics of molecules in the gas phase. The advent of frequency combs advances the frontiers of precise molecular spectroscopy. Here…
Dissipative Kerr-microresonator soliton combs (hereafter called soliton combs) are promising to realize chip scale integration of full soliton comb systems providing high precision, broad spectral coverage and a coherent link to the…
A novel tool, based on Bayesian filtering framework and expectation maximization algorithm, is numerically and experimentally demonstrated for accurate frequency comb noise characterization. The tool is statistically optimum in a…
We report on the fabrication of high-Q, fused-quartz microresonators and the parametric generation of a frequency comb with 36 GHz line spacing using them. We have characterized the intrinsic stability of the comb in both the time and…
Optical frequency-comb-based-high-resolution spectrometers offer enormous potential for spectroscopic applications. Although various implementations have been demonstrated, the lack of suitable mid-infrared comb sources has impeded…
Phase noise or frequency noise is a key metrics to evaluate the short term stability of a laser. This property is of a great interest for the applications but delicate to characterize, especially for narrow line-width lasers. In this…