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Electron-pair density wave (PDW) states are now an intense focus of research in the field of cuprate correlated superconductivity. PDWs exhibit periodically modulating superconductive electron pairing which can be visualized directly using…

Pair density wave (PDW) states are defined by a spatially modulating superconductive order-parameter. To search for such states in transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD) we use high-speed atomic-resolution scanned Josephson-tunneling…

Superconductivity · Physics 2021-06-29 Xiaolong Liu , Yi Xue Chong , Rahul Sharma , J. C. Séamus Davis

Symmetry-breaking electronic phase in unconventional high-temperature (high-Tc) superconductors is a fascinating issue in condensed-matter physics, among which the most attractive phases are charge density wave (CDW) phase with four…

Superconductivity · Physics 2023-05-30 Tianheng Wei , Yanzhao Liu , Wei Ren , Ziqiang Wang , Jian Wang

Pair density waves (PDW) are novel forms of superconducting states that exhibit periodically modulated pairing. A remaining challenge is to elucidate how intrinsic PDW order can emerge robustly in strongly correlated electrons. Here we…

Superconductivity · Physics 2025-12-09 Hao-Xin Wang , Yi-Jian Hu , Wen Huang , Hong Yao

A pair-density-wave (PDW) is a novel superconducting state with an oscillating order parameter. A microscopic mechanism that can give rise to it has been long sought but has not yet been established by any controlled calculation. Here we…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2022-02-07 Kevin S. Huang , Zhaoyu Han , Steven A. Kivelson , Hong Yao

In conventional superconductors the Cooper pairs have a zero center of mass momentum. In this paper we present a theory of superconducting states where the Cooper pairs have a nonzero center of mass momentum, inhomogeneous superconducting…

Superconductivity · Physics 2014-04-22 Rodrigo Soto-Garrido , Eduardo Fradkin

Pair-density-wave (PDW) is a long-sought exotic state with oscillating superconducting order without external magnetic field. So far it has been rare in establishing a 2D microscopic model with PDW long-range order in its ground state. Here…

Superconductivity · Physics 2024-10-29 Yi-Fan Jiang , Hong Yao

A pair density wave (PDW) is a superconducting state characterized by an order parameter with finite center-of-mass momentum in the absence of an external magnetic field, thereby breaking the conventional translational symmetry in…

Superconductivity · Physics 2026-01-13 Zi-Ang Wang , Bin Hu , Xianghe Han , Hui Chen , Hong-Jun Gao

Pair-density-wave (PDW) states are a long-sought-after phase of quantum materials, with the potential to unravel the mysteries of high-$T_c$ cuprates and other strongly correlated superconductors. Yet, surprisingly, a key signature of…

Superconductivity · Physics 2026-02-19 Ke Wang , Qijin Chen , Rufus Boyack , K. Levin

In underdoped cuprates, the interplay of the pseudogap, superconductivity, and charge and spin ordering can give rise to exotic quantum states, including the pair density wave (PDW), in which the superconducting (SC) order parameter is…

Superconductivity · Physics 2021-10-25 Zhenzhong Shi , P. G. Baity , J. Terzic , T. Sasagawa , Dragana Popović

A pair density wave (PDW) is a superconducting (SC) state with spatially modulated order parameter. Although much is known about the properties of the PDW state, its realization in microscopic models with divergent susceptibility has been…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2023-06-21 Hong-Chen Jiang

The quest to understand the nature of superconductivity in cuprates has spotlighted the pair density wave (PDW) -- a superconducting state characterized by a spatially modulated order parameter. Despite significant advances in understanding…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2023-09-22 Hong-Chen Jiang , Thomas Peter Devereaux

The pair density wave (PDW) is an extraordinary superconducting state where Cooper pairs carry nonzero momentum. It can emerge when the full condensation of zero momentum Cooper pairs is frustrated. Evidence for the existence of intrinsic…

Superconductivity · Physics 2023-06-30 Yanzhao Liu , Tianheng Wei , Guanyang He , Yi Zhang , Ziqiang Wang , Jian Wang

We present a theoretical model to show that the transition from an antiferromagnetic (AFM) phase to the $d_{x^2-y^2}$-wave superconductivity occurs through a robust companion of a finite momentum pairing between $({\bf k},\uparrow)$ and…

Superconductivity · Physics 2020-07-21 Tanmoy Das

A recent discovery of the pair density wave (PDW) order creates a stir in understanding an underlying physics in the pseudogap states of the cuprate high temperature superconductors. We have performed a Spectroscopic Imaging Scanning…

Superconductivity · Physics 2021-10-02 Zengyi Du , Hui Li , Kazuhiro Fujita

We analyze the interplay between a d-wave uniform superconducting and a pair-density-wave (PDW) order parameter in the neighborhood of a vortex. We develop a phenomenological nonlinear sigma-model, solve the saddle point equation for the…

Spin-triplet topological superconductors should exhibit many unprecedented electronic properties including fractionalized electronic states relevant to quantum information processing. Although UTe$_2$ may embody such bulk topological…

The pair density wave (PDW) exemplifies intertwined orders in strongly correlated systems. A recent discovery of superconductivity in a quarter-metal state offers the first experimental system where a pure PDW without uniform…

Superconductivity · Physics 2025-06-11 Omri Lesser , Chunli Huang , James P. Sethna , Eun-Ah Kim

A recent scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) experiment reports the observation of charge density wave (CDW) with period of approximately 8a in the halo region surrounding the vortex core, in striking contrast to the approximately period 4a…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2018-07-20 Zhehao Dai , Ya-Hui Zhang , T. Senthil , Patrick Lee

The pair density wave (PDW) is a novel superconducting state in which Cooper pairs carry center-of-mass momentum in equilibrium, leading to the breaking of translational symmetry. Experimental evidence for such a state exists in high…

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