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Sexism reinforces gender inequality and social exclusion by perpetuating stereotypes, bias, and discriminatory norms. Noting how online platforms enable various forms of sexism to thrive, there is a growing need for effective sexism…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Fatima Adam Muhammad , Shamsuddeen Muhammad Hassan , Isa Inuwa-Dutse

With the growing presence of multilingual users on social media, detecting abusive language in code-mixed text has become increasingly challenging. Code-mixed communication, where users seamlessly switch between English and their native…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Manish Pandey , Nageshwar Prasad Yadav , Mokshada Adduru , Sawan Rai

This paper presents a spell checker and correction tool specifically designed for Wolof, an under-represented spoken language in Africa. The proposed spell checker leverages a combination of a trie data structure, dynamic programming, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Thierno Ibrahima Cissé , Fatiha Sadat

As large language models (LLMs) expand multilingual capabilities, questions remain about the equity of their performance across languages. While many communities stand to benefit from AI systems, the dominance of English in training data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Sophie Jaffer , Simeon Sayer

Researchers working on low-resource languages face persistent challenges due to limited data availability and restricted access to computational resources. Although most large language models (LLMs) are predominantly trained in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Odunayo Ogundepo , Akintunde Oladipo , Kelechi Ogueji , Esther Adenuga , David Ifeoluwa Adelani , Jimmy Lin

Reproducible benchmarks are crucial in driving progress of machine translation research. However, existing machine translation benchmarks have been mostly limited to high-resource or well-represented languages. Despite an increasing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-13 Machel Reid , Junjie Hu , Graham Neubig , Yutaka Matsuo

Knowing the language of an input text/audio is a necessary first step for using almost every NLP tool such as taggers, parsers, or translation systems. Language identification is a well-studied problem, sometimes even considered solved; in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Milind Agarwal , Md Mahfuz Ibn Alam , Antonios Anastasopoulos

Large language models (LLMs) are trained on data contributed by low-resource language communities, yet the linguistic knowledge encoded in these models remains accessible only through commercial APIs. This paper investigates whether…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Mahounan Pericles Adjovi , Roald Eiselen , Prasenjit Mitra

Low-resource languages (LRLs) lack sufficient linguistic resources and are underrepresented in benchmark datasets, resulting in persistently lower translation quality than high-resource languages, especially in privacy-sensitive and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Yewei Song , Lujun Li , Cedric Lothritz , Saad Ezzini , Lama Sleem , Niccolo Gentile , Radu State , Tegawendé F. Bissyandé , Jacques Klein

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved impressive results in a wide range of natural language applications. However, they often struggle to recognize low-resource languages, in particular African languages, which are not well…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Happy Buzaaba , Alexander Wettig , David Ifeoluwa Adelani , Christiane Fellbaum

While multilingual language models (MLMs) have been trained on 100+ languages, they are typically only evaluated across a handful of them due to a lack of available test data in most languages. This is particularly problematic when…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Rochelle Choenni , Sara Rajaee , Christof Monz , Ekaterina Shutova

Social bias in language models can potentially exacerbate social inequalities. Despite it having garnered wide attention, most research focuses on English data. In a low-resource scenario, the models often perform worse due to insufficient…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Ej Zhou , Weiming Lu

Existing AI bias evaluation benchmarks largely reflect Western perspectives, leaving African contexts underrepresented and enabling harmful stereotypes in applications across various domains. To address this gap, we introduce AfriStereo,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Yann Le Beux , Oluchi Audu , Oche D. Ankeli , Dhananjay Balakrishnan , Melissah Weya , Marie D. Ralaiarinosy , Ignatius Ezeani

The contrast between the need for large amounts of data for current Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques, and the lack thereof, is accentuated in the case of African languages, most of which are considered low-resource. To help…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-22 Machel Reid , Edison Marrese-Taylor , Yutaka Matsuo

We introduce a FLORES+ dataset as an evaluation benchmark for modern Wu Chinese machine translation models and showcase its compatibility with existing Wu data. Wu Chinese is mutually unintelligible with other Sinitic languages such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Hongjian Yu , Yiming Shi , Zherui Zhou , Christopher Haberland

Natural Language Processing systems are heavily dependent on the availability of annotated data to train practical models. Primarily, models are trained on English datasets. In recent times, significant advances have been made in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Ankit Kumar Upadhyay , Harsit Kumar Upadhya

Advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly enhanced instruction-following capabilities. However, most Instruction Fine-Tuning (IFT) datasets are predominantly in English, limiting model performance in other languages.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Sathish Reddy Indurthi , Wenxuan Zhou , Shamil Chollampatt , Ravi Agrawal , Kaiqiang Song , Lingxiao Zhao , Chenguang Zhu

Current Grammar Error Correction (GEC) initiatives tend to focus on major languages, with less attention given to low-resource languages like Esperanto. In this article, we begin to bridge this gap by first conducting a comprehensive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-19 Junhong Liang

Despite the widespread adoption of Large language models (LLMs), their remarkable capabilities remain limited to a few high-resource languages. Additionally, many low-resource languages (\eg African languages) are often evaluated only on…