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Designing a reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) algorithm to approximate a human's unobservable reward function requires assuming, implicitly or explicitly, a model of human preferences. A preference model that poorly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Stephane Hatgis-Kessell , W. Bradley Knox , Serena Booth , Peter Stone

Latent or unobserved phenomena pose a significant difficulty in data analysis as they induce complicated and confounding dependencies among a collection of observed variables. Factor analysis is a prominent multivariate statistical modeling…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-06-22 Armeen Taeb , Venkat Chandrasekaran

In the setting where a group of agents is asked a single subjective multi-choice question (e.g. which one do you prefer? cat or dog?), we are interested in evaluating the quality of the collected feedback. However, the collected statistics…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-02-25 Jiale Chen , Yuqing Kong , Yuxuan Lu

Preferences of individuals are distributions of elements generated by generalized functions. Models of economic decision-making derived from such distributions are consistent with results of physiological experiments, and explain any…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2012-01-20 Leonid A. Shapiro

Observations on the past provide some hints about what will happen in the future, and this can be quantified using information theory. The ``predictive information'' defined in this way has connections to measures of complexity that have…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 William Bialek , Naftali Tishby

The vast majority of recommender systems model preferences as static or slowly changing due to observable user experience. However, spontaneous changes in user preferences are ubiquitous in many domains like media consumption and key…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2016-10-24 Arun Kumar , Paul Schrater

Based on interactions between individuals and others and references to social norms, this study reveals the impact of heterogeneity in time preference on wealth distribution and inequality. We present a novel approach that connects the…

General Economics · Economics 2024-02-15 Takeshi Kato

An agent acquires a costly flexible signal before making a decision. We explore to what degree knowledge of the agent's information costs helps predict her behavior. We establish an impossibility result: learning costs alone generate no…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2023-04-05 Elliot Lipnowski , Doron Ravid

The adaptive voter model is a paradigmatic model in the study of opinion formation. Here we propose an extension for this model, in which conflicts are resolved by obtaining another opinion, and analytically study the time required for…

Physics and Society · Physics 2013-10-02 Tim Rogers , Thilo Gross

Can large language models (LLMs) learn a decision maker's preferences from observed choices and generate preference-consistent recommendations in new situations? We propose a portable Simulate-Recommend-Evaluate framework that tests…

General Economics · Economics 2026-04-08 Jeongbin Kim , Matthew Kovach , Kyu-Min Lee , Euncheol Shin , Hector Tzavellas

Real-world deployment of machine learning models is challenging because data evolves over time. While no model can work when data evolves in an arbitrary fashion, if there is some pattern to these changes, we might be able to design methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Rasool Fakoor , Jonas Mueller , Zachary C. Lipton , Pratik Chaudhari , Alexander J. Smola

Reward schemes may affect not only agents' effort, but also their incentives to gather information to reduce the riskiness of the productive activity. In a laboratory experiment using a novel task, we find that the relationship between…

General Economics · Economics 2024-09-11 Philip Brookins , Jennifer Brown , Dmitry Ryvkin

Counterfactual explanations are a widely used approach in Explainable AI, offering actionable insights into decision-making by illustrating how small changes to input data can lead to different outcomes. Despite their importance, evaluating…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Marharyta Domnich , Rasmus Moorits Veski , Julius Välja , Kadi Tulver , Raul Vicente

RLHF assumes that annotation responses reflect genuine human preferences. We argue this assumption warrants systematic examination, and that behavioral science offers frameworks that bring clarity to when it holds and when it breaks down.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Bijean Ghafouri , Eun Cheol Choi , Priyanka Dey , Emilio Ferrara

In academic research, recommender systems are often evaluated on benchmark datasets, without much consideration about the global timeline. Hence, we are unable to answer questions like: Do loyal users enjoy better recommendations than…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-07-05 Yitong Ji , Aixin Sun , Jie Zhang , Chenliang Li

An analyst observes the frequency with which a decision maker (DM) takes actions, but not the frequency conditional on payoff-relevant states. We ask when the analyst can rationalize the DM's choices as if the DM first learns something…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-06-18 Laura Doval , Ran Eilat , Tianhao Liu , Yangfan Zhou

This paper considers a general class of nonparametric time series regression models where the regression function can be time-dependent. We establish an asymptotic theory for estimates of the time-varying regression functions. For this…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-03-19 Ting Zhang , Wei Biao Wu

Suppose an experiment is conducted on pairs of objects with outcome responses a continuous variable measuring the interactions among the pairs. Furthermore, assume the response variable is hard to measure numerically but easy to be coded…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-05-11 Abdul-Hamid Al-Ibrahim

Most people participate in meetings almost every day, multiple times a day. The study of meetings is important, but also challenging, as it requires an understanding of social signals and complex interpersonal dynamics. Our aim this work is…

Applications · Statistics 2013-06-11 Been Kim , Cynthia Rudin

Ordered response scales are ubiquitous in economics, but their interpretation rests on an untested assumption: that numerical labels reflect equal psychological intervals. The contribution of this paper is to provide a systematic assessment…

General Economics · Economics 2025-09-03 Caspar Kaiser , Anthony Lepinteur