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We establish effective bounds on the number of periodic points of degree-$d$ polynomials $\phi$ defined over $p$-adic fields and number fields, under a mild reduction hypothesis that is satisfied by all unicritical polynomials $X^d + c$…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-10-31 Isaac Rajagopal , Robin Zhang

Given a number field $K$, we completely classify the preperiodic portraits of the maps $x^d+c$ where $c\in K$ is an algebraic integer and $d$ is sufficiently large depending on the degree of $K$. Specifically, we show that there are exactly…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-10-17 John R. Doyle , Wade Hindes

Andrews and Petsche proposed in 2020 a conjectural characterization of all pairs $(f,\alpha)$, where $f$ is a polynomial over a number field $K$ and $\alpha\in K$, such that the dynamical Galois group of the pair $(f,\alpha)$ is abelian. In…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-06-01 Andrea Ferraguti , Carlo Pagano

Let $K$ be a number field. Given a polynomial $f(x)\in K[x]$ of degree $d\ge 2$, it is conjectured that the number of preperiodic points of $f$ is bounded by a uniform bound that depends only on $d$ and $[K:\mathbb Q]$. However, the only…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2021-05-11 Mohammad Sadek

Let $K$ be an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero, and let $\mathcal{K} := K(t)$ be the rational function field over $K$. For each $d \ge 2$, we consider the unicritical polynomial $f_d(z) := z^d + t \in \mathcal{K}[z]$, and…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2021-08-12 John R. Doyle

Given a number field $K$ and a polynomial $f(z) \in K[z]$, one can naturally construct a finite directed graph $G(f,K)$ whose vertices are the $K$-rational preperiodic points of $f$, with an edge $\alpha \to \beta$ if and only if $f(\alpha)…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2021-08-12 John R. Doyle

We show that the set of conjugacy classes of cubic polynomials with a prefixed critical point, of preperiod $k\geq 1$, is an irreducible algebraic curve. We also establish an analogous result for quadratic rational maps. We then study a…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2019-01-01 Xavier Buff , Adam L. Epstein , Sarah Koch

Let $k$ be an algebraic closed field of characteristic zero. Let $K$ be the rational function field $K=k(t)$. Let $\phi$ be a non isotrivial rational function in $K(z)$. We prove a bound for the cardinality of the set of $K$--rational…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2015-08-28 J. K. Canci

Let K be a number field and let f(x) = x^q + c where q is a prime power, c is in K, and f is not post-critically finite. We show that for any strictly preperiodic b in K, the iterated Galois group at b with respect to f has finite index in…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-08-13 Minsik Han , Thomas J. Tucker

Bicritical rational functions -- those with precisely two critical points -- include the well-studied families of unicritical polynomials and quadratic rational functions. In this article we lay out general foundations for studying…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-01-29 Vefa Goksel , Rafe Jones

Given a number field $K$ and a polynomial $f(z) \in K[z]$ of degree at least 2, one can construct a finite directed graph $G(f,K)$ whose vertices are the $K$-rational preperiodic points for $f$, with an edge $\alpha \to \beta$ if and only…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2021-08-12 John R. Doyle

Let K be a field of characteristic p>0, and let q be a power of p. We determine all polynomials f in K[t]\K[t^p] of degree q(q-1)/2 such that the Galois group of f(t)-u over K(u) has a transitive normal subgroup isomorphic to PSL_2(q),…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2013-10-08 Robert M. Guralnick , Michael E. Zieve

Let $K$ be the function field of a smooth, irreducible curve defined over $\overline{\mathbb{Q}}$. Let $f\in K[x]$ be of the form $f(x)=x^q+c$ where $q = p^{r}, r \ge 1,$ is a power of the prime number $p$, and let $\beta\in \overline{K}$.…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2021-08-12 Andrew Bridy , John R. Doyle , Dragos Ghioca , Liang-Chung Hsia , Thomas J. Tucker

Let $\phi$ be an endomorphism of the projective line defined over a global field $K$. We prove a bound for the cardinality of the set of $K$-rational preperiodic points for $\phi$ in terms of the number of places of bad reduction. The…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2015-09-16 Jung-Kyu Canci , Laura Paladino

To each quadratic number field $K$ and each quadratic polynomial $f$ with $K$-coefficients, one can associate a finite directed graph $G(f,K)$ whose vertices are the $K$-rational preperiodic points for $f$, and whose edges reflect the…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2021-08-12 John R. Doyle , Xander Faber , David Krumm

Given two monic polynomials f and g with coefficients in a number field K, and some a in K, we examine the action of the absolute Galois group of K on the directed graph of iterated preimages of a under the correspondence g(y)=f(x),…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2017-12-15 Patrick Ingram

Let $f(x) = ax^d + b \in K[x]$ be a unicritical polynomial with degree $d \geq 2$ which is coprime to $\mathrm{char} K$. We provide an explicit presentation for the profinite iterated monodromy group of $f$, analyze the structure of this…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-04-18 Ophelia Adams , Trevor Hyde

Given a global field K and a rational function phi defined over K, one may take pre-images of 0 under successive iterates of phi, and thus obtain an infinite rooted tree T by assigning edges according to the action of phi. The absolute…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2014-02-26 Rafe Jones

For rational numbers $c$, we present a trichotomy of the set of totally real (totally $p$-adic, respectively) preperiodic points for maps in the quadratic unicritical family $f_c(x)=x^2+c$. As a consequence, we classify quadratic…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2022-11-22 Chatchai Noytaptim

Let $K$ be a field, and let $f\in K(z)$ be a rational function of degree $d\geq 2$. The Galois group of the field extension generated by the preimages of $x_0\in K$ under all iterates of $f$ naturally embeds in the automorphism group of an…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2024-04-08 Robert L. Benedetto , William DeGroot , Xinyu Ni , Jesse Seid , Annie Wei , Samantha Winton
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