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A unitary evolution in time may be treated as a curve in the manifold of the special unitary group. The length of such a curve can be related to the energetic cost of the associated computation, meaning a geodesic curve identifies an…

We study brick wall quantum circuits enjoying a global fermionic symmetry. The constituent 2-qubit gate, and its fermionic symmetry, derive from a 2-particle scattering matrix in integrable, supersymmetric quantum field theory in 1+1…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-25 Pietro Richelli , Kareljan Schoutens , Alberto Zorzato

We give a general method of construting quantum circuit for random \QTR{it}{satisfiability} (SAT) problems with the basic logic gates such as multi-qubit controlled-NOT and NOT gates. The sizes of these circuits are almost the same as the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Xinhua Peng , Xiwen Zhu , Kelin Gao

The native gate set is fundamental to the performance of quantum devices, as it governs the accuracy of basic quantum operations and dictates the complexity of implementing quantum algorithms. Traditional approaches to extending gate sets…

Non-invertible symmetries of a quantum field theory (QFT) are a natural generalization of unitary symmetries, but in which the product of operators does not satisfy a group multiplication law. We show that such symmetry operations on states…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-05-08 Jonathan J. Heckman , Rebecca J. Hicks , Chitraang Murdia

Here we study the unitary groups that can be constructed using elements from the qubit Clifford Hierarchy. We first provide a necessary and sufficient canonical form that semi-Clifford and generalized semi-Clifford elements must satisfy to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-19 Jonas T. Anderson

Resource-efficient and high-precision approximate synthesis of quantum circuits expressed in the Clifford+T gate set is vital for Fault-Tolerant quantum computing. Efficient optimal methods are known for single-qubit RZ unitaries, otherwise…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-27 Mathias Weiden , Justin Kalloor , John Kubiatowicz , Ed Younis , Costin Iancu

We propose a framework to study models of computation of indeterministic data, represented by abstract "distributions". In these distributions, probabilities are replaced by "amplitudes" drawn from a fixed semi-ring $S$, of which the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2014-12-24 Niel de Beaudrap

We study the possibility of supersymmetry (SUSY) in quantum mechanics in one dimension under the presence of a point singularity. The system considered is the free particle on a line R or on the interval [-l, l] where the point singularity…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-07-28 Takashi Uchino , Izumi Tsutsui

We study the Universality and Membership Problems for gate sets consisting of a finite number of quantum gates. Our approach relies on the techniques from compact Lie groups theory. We also introduce an auxiliary problem called Subgroup…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-17 Lorenzo Mattioli , Adam Sawicki

Randomness is a fundamental resource in quantum information, with crucial applications in cryptography, algorithms, and error correction. A central challenge is to construct unitary $k$-designs that closely approximate Haar-random unitaries…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-10 Lennart Bittel , Lorenzo Leone

In this paper we provide an explicit parameterization of arbitrary unitary transformation acting on n qubits, in terms of one and two qubit quantum gates. The construction is based on successive Cartan decompositions of the semi-simple Lie…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Navin Khaneja , Steffen Glaser

The multipartite unitary gates are called genuine if they are not product unitary operators across any bipartition. We mainly investigate the classification of genuine multipartite unitary gates of Schmidt rank two, by focusing on the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-19 Yi Shen , Lin Chen , Li Yu

Fault-tolerant quantum computers compose elements of a discrete gate set in order to approximate a target unitary. The problem of minimising the number of gates is known as gate-synthesis. The approximation error is a form of coherent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-12 Earl Campbell

We show that it is possible to reduce the number of two-qubit gates needed for the construction of an arbitrary controlled-unitary transformation by up to two times using a tunable controlled-phase gate. On the platform of linear optics,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-04-22 Karel Lemr , Karol Bartkiewicz , Antonín Černoch , Miloslav Dušek , Jan Soubusta

Matchgate unitaries are ubiquitous in quantum computation due to their relation to non-interacting fermions and because they can be used to benchmark quantum computers. Implementing such unitaries on fault-tolerant devices requires first…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-06 Berta Casas , Paolo Braccia , Élie Gouzien , M. Cerezo , Diego García-Martín

The spectral gap of local random quantum circuits is a fundamental property that determines how close the moments of the circuit's unitaries match those of a Haar random distribution. When studying spectral gaps, it is common to bound these…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-19 Andrew E. Deneris , Pablo Bermejo , Paolo Braccia , Lukasz Cincio , M. Cerezo

We devise tractable models of unitary quantum many-body dynamics on tree graphs, as a first step towards a deeper understanding of dynamics in non-Euclidean spaces. To this end, we first demonstrate how to construct strictly local quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-29 Oliver Breach , Benedikt Placke , Pieter W. Claeys , S. A. Parameswaran

High-dimensional photonic systems access large Hilbert spaces for quantum information processing. They offer proven advantages in quantum computation, communication, and sensing. However, implementing scalable, low-loss unitary gates across…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-24 Xin Chen

In parity quantum computing, multi-qubit logical gates are implemented by single-qubit rotations on a suitably encoded state involving auxiliary qubits. Consequently, there is a correspondence between qubit count and the size of the native…