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Bitcoin derives a verifiable temporal order from probabilistic block discovery and cumulative proof-of-work rather than from a trusted global clock. We show that block arrivals exhibit stable exponential behavior across difficulty epochs,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Bin Chen , Pan Feng

Blockchain technology and, in particular, blockchain-based cryptocurrencies offer us information that has never been seen before in the financial world. In contrast to fiat currencies, all transactions of crypto-currencies and crypto-tokens…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2019-12-24 Yitao Li , Umar Islambekov , Cuneyt Akcora , Ekaterina Smirnova , Yulia R. Gel , Murat Kantarcioglu

Bitcoin is built on a blockchain, an immutable decentralised ledger that allows entities (users) to exchange Bitcoins in a pseudonymous manner. Bitcoins are associated with alpha-numeric addresses and are transferred via transactions. Each…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-05-20 Jan Alexander Fischer , Andres Palechor , Daniele Dell'Aglio , Abraham Bernstein , Claudio J. Tessone

Anonymity in Bitcoin, a peer-to-peer electronic currency system, is a complicated issue. Within the system, users are identified by public-keys only. An attacker wishing to de-anonymize its users will attempt to construct the one-to-many…

Physics and Society · Physics 2012-05-08 Fergal Reid , Martin Harrigan

Bitcoin is firmly becoming a mainstream asset in our global society. Its highly volatile nature has traders and speculators flooding into the market to take advantage of its significant price swings in the hope of making money. This work…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-29 Nathan Crone , Eoin Brophy , Tomas Ward

Due to the widespread use of smart contracts, Ethereum has become the second-largest blockchain platform after Bitcoin. Many different types of Ethereum accounts (ICO, Mining, Gambling, etc.) also have quite active trading activities on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-16 Baoying Huang , Jieli Liu , Jiajing Wu , Quanzhong Li , Hao Lin

The aim of this paper is to analyse the Bitcoin in order to shed some light on its nature and behaviour. We select 9 cryptocurrencies that account for almost 75\% of total market capitalisation and compare their evolution with that of a…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2023-09-08 Esther Cabezas-Rivas , Felipe Sánchez-Coll , Isaac Tormo-Xaixo

Bitcoin is a electronic payment system where payment transactions are verified and stored in a data structure called the blockchain. Bitcoin miners work individually to solve a computationally intensive problem, and with each solution a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-01-24 R. Bowden , H. P. Keeler , A. E. Krzesinski , P. G. Taylor

Digital currencies represent a new method for exchange and investment that differs strongly from any other fiat money seen throughout history. A digital currency makes it possible to perform all financial transactions without the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2015-03-11 Xianyi Gao , Gradeigh D. Clark , Janne Lindqvist

We show Bitcoin implied volatility on a 5 minute time horizon is modestly predictable from price, volatility momentum and alternative data including sentiment and engagement. Lagged Bitcoin index price and volatility movements contribute to…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2020-10-30 Faizaan Pervaiz , Christopher Goh , Ashley Pennington , Samuel Holt , James West , Shaun Ng

The usage of process choreographies and decentralized Business Process Management Systems has been named as an alternative to centralized business process orchestration. In choreographies, control over a process instance is shared between…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-08-21 Christoph Prybila , Stefan Schulte , Christoph Hochreiner , Ingo Weber

The rise of cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, which enable transactions with a degree of pseudonymity, has led to a surge in various illicit activities, including ransomware payments and transactions on darknet markets. These illegal…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Poupak Azad , Baris Coskunuzer , Murat Kantarcioglu , Cuneyt Gurcan Akcora

Understanding the emergence of universal features such as the stylized facts in markets is a long-standing challenge that has drawn much attention from economists and physicists. Most existing models, such as stochastic volatility models,…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2021-01-18 Fabin Shi , Nathan Aden , Shengda Huang , Neil Johnson , Xiaoqian Sun , Jinhua Gao , Li Xu , Huawei Shen , Xueqi Cheng , Chaoming Song

The use of cryptocurrencies has led to an increase in illicit activities such as money laundering, with traditional rule-based approaches becoming less effective in detecting and preventing such activities. In this paper, we propose a novel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Hrushyang Adloori , Vaishnavi Dasanapu , Abhijith Chandra Mergu

The consensus that GCN, GraphSAGE, GAT, and EvolveGCN outperform feature-only baselines on the Elliptic Bitcoin Dataset is widely cited but has not been rigorously stress-tested under a leakage-free evaluation protocol. We perform a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Saket Maganti

Non-fungible tokens (NFT) have recently emerged as a novel blockchain hosted financial asset class that has attracted major transaction volumes. Investment decisions rely on data and adequate preprocessing and application of analytics to…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2023-02-23 Jason B. Cho , Sven Serneels , David S. Matteson

Bitcoin is the first decentralized peer-to-peer (P2P) electronic currency. It was created in November 2008 by Satoshi Nakamoto. Nakamoto released the first implementation of the protocol in an open source client software and the genesis of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2016-04-20 Ricardo Perez-Marco

Despite the fact that it is publicly available, collecting and processing the full bitcoin blockchain data is not trivial. Its mere size, history, and other features indeed raise quite specific challenges, that we address in this paper. The…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-06-16 Jules Azad Emery , Matthieu Latapy

Blockchain transaction networks are complex, with evolving temporal patterns and inter-node relationships. To detect illicit activities, we propose a hybrid GCN-GRU model that captures both structural and sequential features. Using real…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Gyuyeon Na , Minjung Park , Hyeonjeong Cha , Soyoun Kim , Sunyoung Moon , Sua Lee , Jaeyoung Choi , Hyemin Lee , Sangmi Chai

Blockchain technology is ushering in another break-out year, the challenge of blockchain still remains to be solved. This paper analyzes the features of Bitcoin and Bitcoin-NG system based on blockchain, proposes an improved method of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-11-01 Jia Kan , Shangzhe Chen , Xin Huang
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