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The low-altitude Internet of Things (IoT), supported by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), provides ground sensing networks with advanced real-time monitoring and data collection. To maximize data collection volume from distributed IoT nodes,…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Zhenjia Xu , Xiaoling Zhang , Nan Qi , Guangxu Zhu , Xiaojie Li , Luliang Jia

The proliferation of large-scale low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellations is driving the need for intelligent routing strategies that can effectively deliver data to terrestrial networks under rapidly time-varying topologies and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Sivaram Krishnan , Zhouyou Gu , Jihong Park , Sung-Min Oh , Jinho Choi

When implementing hierarchical federated learning over wireless networks, scalability assurance and the ability to handle both interference and device data heterogeneity are crucial. This work introduces a learning method designed to…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-01-04 Seyed Mohammad Azimi-Abarghouyi , Viktoria Fodor

In this paper, we propose a terrestrial-satellite network (TSN) architecture to integrate the ultra-dense low earth orbit (LEO) networks and the terrestrial networks to achieve efficient data offloading. In TSN, each ground user can access…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2018-11-14 Boya Di , Hongliang Zhang , Lingyang Song , Yonghui Li , Geoffrey Ye Li

Low earth orbit (LEO) satellite networks are emerging as a key infrastructure for global connectivity and space-based sensing. Many tasks in such systems can be formulated as measurement-set-to-spatial-inference problems, where spatial…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Liping Tao , Xindi Tong , Chee Wei Tan

Modern satellites deployed in low Earth orbit (LEO) accommodate processing payloads that can be exploited for edge computing. Furthermore, by implementing inter-satellite links, the LEO satellites in a constellation can route the data…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-23 Marc Martinez-Gost , Israel Leyva-Mayorga , Ana Pérez-Neira , Miguel Ángel Vázquez , Beatriz Soret , Marco Moretti

Sending massive Earth observation data produced by low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites back to the ground for processing consumes a large amount of on-orbit bandwidth and exacerbates the space-to-ground link bottleneck. Most prior work has…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Jiangtao Luo , Bingbing Xu , Shaohua Xia , Yongyi Ran

Despite the widespread deployment of terrestrial networks, providing reliable communication services to remote areas and maintaining connectivity during emergencies remains challenging. Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellations offer…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Zifan Lang , Guixia Liu , Geng Sun , Jiahui Li , Jiacheng Wang , Weijie Yuan , Dusit Niyato , Dong In Kim

Low earth orbit (LEO) satellite network can complement terrestrial networks for achieving global wireless coverage and improving delay-sensitive Internet services. This paper proposes an integrated satellite-terrestrial network (ISTN)…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-08-02 Yu Zhang , Yanmin Gong , Lei Fan , Yu Wang , Zhu Han , Yuanxiong Guo

This paper presents a study of an integrated satellite-terrestrial network, where Low-Earth-Orbit (LEO) satellites are used to provide the backhaul link between base stations (BSs) and the core network. The mobility of LEO satellites raises…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-21 Hung Nguyen-Kha , Vu Nguyen Ha , Eva Lagunas , Symeon Chatzinotas , Joel Grotz

Low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite networks with mega constellations have the potential to provide 5G and beyond services ubiquitously. However, these networks may introduce mutual interference to both satellite and terrestrial networks,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-23 Daeun Kim , Jeonghun Park , Jinseok Choi , Namyoon Lee

Constructing earth-fixed cells with low-earth orbit (LEO) satellites in non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) has been the most promising paradigm to enable global coverage. The limited computing capabilities on LEO satellites however render…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-16 Yang Cao , Shao-Yu Lien , Ying-Chang Liang , Dusit Niyato , Xuemin , Shen

Computing tasks are ubiquitous in space missions. Conventionally, these tasks are offloaded to ground servers for computation, where the transmission of raw data on satellite-to-ground links severely constrains the performance. To overcome…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-18 Jiaqi Cao , Shengli Zhang , Qingxia Chen , Houtian Wang , Mingzhe Wang , Naijin Liu

Hierarchical Federated Learning (HFL) extends conventional Federated Learning (FL) by introducing intermediate aggregation layers, enabling distributed learning in geographically dispersed environments, particularly relevant for smart IoT…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Xiaohong Yang , Minghui Liwang , Liqun Fu , Yuhan Su , Seyyedali Hosseinalipour , Xianbin Wang , Yiguang Hong

Terahertz (THz) space communications (Tera-SpaceCom) is envisioned as a promising technology to enable various space science and communication applications. Mainly, the realm of Tera-SpaceCom consists of THz sensing for space exploration,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Zhifeng Hu , Chong Han , Wolfgang Gerstacker , Ian F. Akyildiz

Satellite networks with wide coverage are considered natural extensions to terrestrial networks for their long-distance end-to-end (E2E) service provisioning. However, the inherent topology dynamics of low earth orbit satellite networks and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Chenxi Bao , Di Zhou , Min Sheng , Yan Shi , Jiandong Li , Zhili Sun

Modern Earth Observation (EO) missions generate massive volumes of imagery that challenge existing downlink and ground-processing capabilities, particularly for time-critical applications. This work investigates how a low Earth orbit (LEO)…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Beatriz Soret , Antonio M. Mercado-Martínez , Antonio Jurado-Navas , Nicolai D. Lyholm , Marco Moretti , Petar Popovski , Israel Leyva-Mayorga

With the development of low earth orbit (LEO) satellites and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), the space-air-ground integrated network (SAGIN) becomes a major trend in the next-generation networks. However, due to the instability of…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Boran Wang , Ziye Jia , Can Cui , Qihui Wu

Today's Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite networks, exemplified by SpaceX's Starlink, play a crucial role in delivering global internet access to millions of users. However, managing the dynamic and expansive nature of these networks poses…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Dara Ron , Faisal Ahmed Yusufzai , Sebastian Kwakye , Satyaki Roy , Nishanth Sastry , Vijay K. Shah

The use of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites in the next generation (Next-G) communication systems has been gaining traction over the last few years due to their potential for providing global connectivity with low latency. Since they are…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-03 Sambrama , Venkata Srirama Rohit Kantheti , Liang C Chu , Erik Blasch , Shih-Chun Lin
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