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A mega-constellation of low-earth orbit (LEO) satellites has the potential to enable long-range communication with low latency. Integrating this with burgeoning unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) assisted non-terrestrial networks will be a…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-05-27 Ju-Hyung Lee , Jihong Park , Mehdi Bennis , Young-Chai Ko

Low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellites have been prosperously deployed for various Earth observation missions due to its capability of collecting a large amount of image or sensor data. However, traditionally, the data training process is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-11 Chih-Yu Chen , Li-Hsiang Shen , Kai-Ten Feng , Lie-Liang Yang , Jen-Ming Wu

The advent of the sixth-generation (6G) wireless networks, enhanced by artificial intelligence, promises ubiquitous connectivity through Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites. These satellites are capable of collecting vast amounts of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Loc X. Nguyen , Sheikh Salman Hassan , Yu Min Park , Yan Kyaw Tun , Zhu Han , Choong Seon Hong

Reaching all regions of Earth, low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites can harvest delay-tolerant data from remotely located users on Earth without ground infrastructure. This work aims to assess a data harvest network architecture where users…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Chang-Sik Choi

As low Earth orbit (LEO) satellite communication systems are gaining increasing popularity, new theoretical methodologies are required to investigate such networks' performance at large. This is because deterministic and location-based…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-06 Niloofar Okati , Taneli Riihonen , Dani Korpi , Ilari Angervuori , Risto Wichman

This paper proposes a novel split learning architecture designed to exploit the cyclical movement of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites in non-terrestrial networks (NTNs). Although existing research focuses on offloading tasks to the NTN…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Marc Martinez-Gost , Ana Pérez-Neira

Federated learning (FL) has emerged as a promising distributed training paradigm for Low Earth Orbit (LEO) networks by significantly reducing communication overhead. However, its deployment faces critical challenges, e.g., topology-induced…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-07 Jinhao Yi , Weijun Gao , Chong Han , Ozgur Gurbuz , Josep M. Jornet

Low-Earth orbit (LEO) mega-constellations are emerging as high-capacity backbones for next-generation Internet. Deployment of laser terminals enables high-bandwidth, low-latency inter-satellite links (ISLs); however, their limited number,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Shayan Hamidi Dehshali , Tzu-Hsuan Liao , Shaileshh Bojja Venkatakrishnan

In this paper, we investigate the issue of satellite-terrestrial computing in the sixth generation (6G) wireless networks, where multiple terrestrial base stations (BSs) and low earth orbit (LEO) satellites collaboratively provide edge…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Qi Wang , Xiaoming Chen , Qiao Qi

Low earth orbit (LEO) mega-constellations, integrating government space systems and commercial practices, have emerged as enabling technologies for the sixth generation (6G) networks due to their good merits of global coverage and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-05-18 Lin Shih-Chun , Lin Chia-Hung , Chu Liang C. , Lien Shao-Yu

In this paper, we propose a spatial-temporal learning-based distributed routing framework for dynamic Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite networks, where graph attention networks (GAT) and long short-term memory (LSTM) are integrated within a…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Po-Heng Chou , Chiapin Wang , Shou-Yu Chen , Hsiang-Ming Wang

In this paper, we propose an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS)-enabled low-altitude multi-access edge computing (MEC) architecture, where an aerial MEC server cooperates with a terrestrial MEC server to provide computing services, while…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Yixian Wang , Geng Sun , Zemin Sun , Jiacheng Wang , Changyuan Zhao , Daxin Tian , Dusit Niyato , Shiwen Mao

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites are emerging as key components of 6G networks, with many already deployed to support large-scale Earth observation and sensing related tasks. Federated Learning (FL) presents a promising paradigm for…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Zhuocheng Liu , Zhishu Shen , Qiushi Zheng , Tiehua Zhang , Zheng Lei , Jiong Jin

Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations combine great flexibility and global coverage with short propagation delays when compared to satellites deployed in higher orbits. However, the fast movement of the individual satellites makes…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-12-02 Jonas W. Rabjerg , Israel Leyva-Mayorga , Beatriz Soret , Petar Popovski

With the rapid development of connecting massive devices to the Internet, especially for remote areas without cellular network infrastructures, space-air-ground integrated networks (SAGINs) emerge and offload computation-intensive tasks. In…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-06-07 Yali Chen , Bo Ai , Yong Niu , Hongliang Zhang , Zhu Han

Large-scale low-Earth-orbit (LEO) satellite systems are increasingly valued for their ability to enable rapid and wide-area data exchange, thereby facilitating the collaborative training of artificial intelligence (AI) models across…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Binquan Guo , Junteng Cao , Marie Siew , Binbin Chen , Tony Q. S. Quek , Zhu Han

The high mobility of satellites in Low Earth Orbit (LEO) mega-constellations induces a highly dynamic network topology, leading to many problems like frequent service disruptions. To mitigate this, Packet-based Load Balancing (PBLB) is…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Xiyuan Liu , Guano Liu , Xiucheng Tian , Wenting Wei

This paper presents a solution to the problem of optimal ground station selection for low-Earth orbiting (LEO) space missions that enables mission operators to precisely design their ground segment performance and costs. Space mission…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Duncan Eddy , Michelle Ho , Mykel J. Kochenderfer

When implementing hierarchical federated learning over wireless networks, scalability assurance and the ability to handle both interference and device data heterogeneity are crucial. This work introduces a new two-level learning method…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-01-12 Seyed Mohammad Azimi-Abarghouyi , Viktoria Fodor

Arctic regions, such as northern Canada, face significant challenges in achieving consistent connectivity and low-latency computing services due to the sparse coverage of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites. To enhance service reliability in…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-25 Mohammed Almekhlafi , Antoine Lesage-Landry , Gunes Karabulut Kurt