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Single-Photon Avalanche Diodes (SPAD) are affordable photodetectors, capable to collect extremely fast low-energy events, due to their single-photon sensibility. This makes them very suitable for time-of-flight-based range imaging systems,…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2017-03-09 Quercus Hernandez , Diego Gutierrez , Adrian Jarabo

Pointing and acquisition are an important aspect of free-space optical communications because of the narrow beamwidth associated with the optical signal. In this paper, we have analyzed the pointing and acquisition problem in free-space…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-12-24 Muhammad Salman Bashir , Mohamed-Slim Alouini

Afterpulsing is one of the main technological flaws present in photon counting detectors based on solid-state semiconductor avalanche photodiodes operated in Geiger mode. Level of afterpulsing depends mainly on type of the semiconductor,…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2015-05-19 Mario Stipčević

Deep-space optical communication links operate under severely limited signal power, approaching the photon-starved regime which requires a receiver capable of measuring individual incoming photons. This makes the photon information…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-18 M. Jarzyna , L. Kunz , W. Zwolinski , M. Jachura , K. Banaszek

InGaAs/InP single-photon detectors (SPDs) are widely used for near-infrared photon counting in practical applications. Photon detection efficiency (PDE) is one of the most important parameters for SPD characterization, and therefore…

Applied Physics · Physics 2020-08-05 Yu-Qiang Fang , Wei Chen , Tian-Hong Ao , Cong Liu , Li Wang , Xin-Jiang Gao , Jun Zhang , Jian-Wei Pan

InGaAs/InP single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) are widely used in practical applications requiring near-infrared photon counting such as quantum key distribution (QKD). Photon detection efficiency and dark count rate are the intrinsic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-14 Jian Ma , Bing Bai , Liu-Jun Wang , Cun-Zhu Tong , Ge Jin , Jun Zhang , Jian-Wei Pan

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in the use of single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) in optical wireless communication (OWC). SPAD operates in the Geiger mode and can act as a photon counting receiver obviating the need for…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-06-07 Shenjie Huang , Yichen Li , Cheng Chen , Mohammad Dehghani Soltani , Robert Henderson , Majid Safari , Harald Haas

A free-space optical communication system using non-mode-selective photonic lantern (PL) based coherent receiver is studied. Based on the simulation of photon distribution, the power distribution at the single-mode fiber end of the PL is…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-11-25 Bo Zhang , Renzhi Yuan , Jianfeng Sun , Julian Cheng , Mohamed-Slim Alouini

Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) are photon-counting detectors with great potential to improve the sensitivity of optical receivers. Recent studies of SiPMs in communication focus on the speed rather than the power consumption of the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-05 Yangchun Li , Danial Chitnis

In this correspondence, we propose a diversity-achieving retroreflector-based fine tracking system for free-space optical (FSO) communications. We show that multiple retroreflectors deployed around the communication telescope at the aerial…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-03-17 Hyung-Joo Moon , Chan-Byoung Chae , Mohamed-Slim Alouini

Single-photon avalanche diodes (SPADs) are an emerging technology with a unique capability of capturing individual photons with high timing precision. SPADs are being used in several active imaging systems (e.g., fluorescence lifetime…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-04-25 Atul Ingle , Andreas Velten , Mohit Gupta

Superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) are efficient measurement devices used for counting single photons. The field of their applications covers experimental quantum-optical studies, optical quantum computing, quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-06-24 V. A. Uzunova , A. A. Semenov

Afterpulsing is a factor limiting the distance over which discrete-variable quantum key distribution systems are secure, and a common feature in single-photon detectors. The relevance of this phenomenon stems from its stochastic,…

Communicating information at the few photon level typically requires some complexity in the transmitter or receiver in order to operate in the presence of noise. This in turn incurs expense in the necessary spatial volume and power…

We present a free-running single photon detector for telecom wavelengths based on a negative feedback avalanche photodiode (NFAD). A dark count rate as low as 1 cps was obtained at a detection efficiency of 10%, with an afterpulse…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-12-04 Boris Korzh , Nino Walenta , Tommaso Lunghi , Nicolas Gisin , Hugo Zbinden

We investigate the achievable rate and capacity of a non-perfect photon-counting receiver. For the case of long symbol duration, the achievable rate under on-off keying modulation is investigated based on Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Zhimeng Jiang , Chen Gong , Guanchu Wang , Zhengyuan Xu

By employing real-time monitoring of single-photon avalanche photodiodes we demonstrate how two types of practical eavesdropping strategies, the after-gate and time-shift attacks, may be detected. Both attacks are identified with the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-08-03 T. Ferreira da Silva , G. B. Xavier , G. P. Temporão , J. P. von der Weid

We report on a gated single-photon detector based on InGaAs/InP avalanche photodiodes (APDs) with a single-photon detection efficiency exceeding 55% at 1550 nm. Our detector is gated at 1 GHz and employs the self-differencing technique for…

We introduce an alternative receiver architecture for deep-space optical communication, in which a single large aperture is replaced by an array of smaller ones with outputs combined coherently, employing phase stabilization based on photon…

We characterize the temporal evolution of the afterpulse probability in a free-running negative feedback avalanche diode (NFAD) over an extended range, from $\sim$300 ns to $\sim$1 ms. This is possible thanks to an extremely low dark count…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2014-11-04 Boris Korzh , Tommaso Lunghi , Kateryna Kuzmenko , Gianluca Boso , Hugo Zbinden