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This paper demonstrates how to discover the whole causal graph from the second derivative of the log-likelihood in observational non-linear additive Gaussian noise models. Leveraging scalable machine learning approaches to approximate the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-10 Francesco Montagna , Nicoletta Noceti , Lorenzo Rosasco , Kun Zhang , Francesco Locatello

Auxiliary Learning (AL) is a form of multi-task learning in which a model trains on auxiliary tasks to boost performance on a primary objective. While AL has improved generalization across domains such as navigation, image classification,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Judah Goldfeder , Matthew So , Hod Lipson

Causal discovery from observational data is pivotal for deciphering complex relationships. Causal Structure Learning (CSL), which focuses on deriving causal Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs) from data, faces challenges due to vast DAG spaces…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Taiyu Ban , Lyuzhou Chen , Derui Lyu , Xiangyu Wang , Huanhuan Chen

We present a method to generate directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) using deep reinforcement learning, specifically deep Q-learning. Generating graphs with specified structures is an important and challenging task in various application fields,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-07 Laura D'Arcy , Padraig Corcoran , Alun Preece

In recent years, reinforcement learning (RL) has acquired a prominent position in health-related sequential decision-making problems, gaining traction as a valuable tool for delivering adaptive interventions (AIs). However, in part due to a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-07-16 Nina Deliu , Joseph Jay Williams , Bibhas Chakraborty

We consider the problem of Bayesian causal discovery for the standard model of linear structural equations with equivariant Gaussian noise. A uniform prior is placed on the space of directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) over a fixed set of…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-07-23 Valentinian Lungu , Joni Shaska , Ioannis Kontoyiannis , Urbashi Mitra

Deep reinforcement learning has enabled human-level or even super-human performance in various types of games. However, the amount of exploration required for learning is often quite large. Deep reinforcement learning also has super-human…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-14 Akane Minami , Yu Kono , Tatsuji Takahashi

Causal inference methods for observational data are increasingly recognized as a valuable complement to randomized clinical trials (RCTs). They can, under strong assumptions, emulate RCTs or help refine their focus. Our approach to causal…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-08-14 Carlo Berzuini , Davide Luciani , Hiren C. Patel

Reinforcement learning (RL) provides a powerful framework for decision-making, but its application in practice often requires a carefully designed reward function. Adversarial Imitation Learning (AIL) sheds light on automatic policy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-05 Kaifeng Zhang , Rui Zhao , Ziming Zhang , Yang Gao

Evolutionary search-based techniques are commonly used for testing autonomous robotic systems. However, these approaches often rely on computationally expensive simulator-based models for test scenario evaluation. To improve the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Dmytro Humeniuk , Foutse Khomh , Giuliano Antoniol

Recently, differentiable causal discovery has emerged as a promising approach to improve the accuracy and efficiency of existing methods. However, when applied to high-dimensional data or data with latent confounders, these methods, often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Pingchuan Ma , Qixin Zhang , Shuai Wang , Dacheng Tao

Inverse Reinforcement Learning (IRL) is a powerful paradigm for inferring a reward function from expert demonstrations. Many IRL algorithms require a known transition model and sometimes even a known expert policy, or they at least require…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-23 David Lindner , Andreas Krause , Giorgia Ramponi

Comprehending natural language and following human instructions are critical capabilities for intelligent agents. However, the flexibility of linguistic instructions induces substantial ambiguity across language-conditioned tasks, severely…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Runpeng Xie , Quanwei Wang , Hao Hu , Zherui Zhou , Ni Mu , Xiyun Li , Yiqin Yang , Shuang Xu , Qianchuan Zhao , Bo XU

In this article, we propose a new hypothesis testing method for directed acyclic graph (DAG). While there is a rich class of DAG estimation methods, there is a relative paucity of DAG inference solutions. Moreover, the existing methods…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-05-25 Chengchun Shi , Yunzhe Zhou , Lexin Li

While Reinforcement Learning (RL) achieves tremendous success in sequential decision-making problems of many domains, it still faces key challenges of data inefficiency and the lack of interpretability. Interestingly, many researchers have…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Yan Zeng , Ruichu Cai , Fuchun Sun , Libo Huang , Zhifeng Hao

Causal discovery is a major task with the utmost importance for machine learning since causal structures can enable models to go beyond pure correlation-based inference and significantly boost their performance. However, finding causal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-22 Andreas Sauter , Erman Acar , Vincent François-Lavet

Differentiable neural architecture search (DNAS) is known for its capacity in the automatic generation of superior neural networks. However, DNAS based methods suffer from memory usage explosion when the search space expands, which may…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Zheyu Yan , Weiwen Jiang , Xiaobo Sharon Hu , Yiyu Shi

A common theme in causal inference is learning causal relationships between observed variables, also known as causal discovery. This is usually a daunting task, given the large number of candidate causal graphs and the combinatorial nature…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-10-11 Romain Lopez , Jan-Christian Hütter , Jonathan K. Pritchard , Aviv Regev

In this paper, we investigate the fundamental question: To what extent are gradient-based neural architecture search (NAS) techniques applicable to RL? Using the original DARTS as a convenient baseline, we discover that the discrete…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-16 Yingjie Miao , Xingyou Song , John D. Co-Reyes , Daiyi Peng , Summer Yue , Eugene Brevdo , Aleksandra Faust

Learning directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) from data is a challenging task both in theory and in practice, because the number of possible DAGs scales superexponentially with the number of nodes. In this paper, we study the problem of learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-25 Hasan Manzour , Simge Küçükyavuz , Ali Shojaie
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