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An open question of fundamental importance in thermodynamics is how to describe the fluctuations of work for quantum coherent processes. In the standard approach, based on a projective energy measurement both at the beginning and at the end…

We show that the conventional Jarzynski equality does not hold for a system prepared in a microcanonical ensemble. We derive a modified equality that connects microcanonical work fluctuations to entropy production, in an analogous way to…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-01-15 L. A. Williamson

A system--bath (SB) model is considered to examine the Jarzynski equality in the fully quantum regime. In our previous paper [J. Chem. Phys. 153 (2020) 234107], we carried out "exact" numerical experiments using hierarchical equations of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-02-11 Souichi Sakamoto , Yoshitaka Tanimura

The quantum Jarzynski equality and the Crooks relation are fundamental laws connecting equilibrium processes with nonequilibrium fluctuations. They are promising tools to benchmark quantum devices and measure free energy differences. While…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-11-07 Dominik Hahn , Maxime Dupont , Markus Schmitt , David J. Luitz , Marin Bukov

The Fluctuation Theorems are a group of exact relations that remain valid irrespective of how far the system has been driven away from equilibrium. Other than having practical applications, like determination of equilibrium free energy…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-11-04 Sourabh Lahiri , A. M. Jayannavar

Here we investigate the impact of temporal entanglement on a system's ability to perform thermodynamical work. We show that while the quantum version of the Jarzynski equality remains satisfied even in the presence of temporal entanglement,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-04-26 Vlatko Vedral

In the global framework of finding an axiomatic derivation of nonequilibrium Statistical Mechanics from fundamental principles, such as the maximum path entropy -- also known as Maximum Caliber principle -- , this work proposes an…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2017-06-28 Diego González , Sergio Davis

Recent years have witnessed major advances in our understanding of nonequilibrium processes. The Jarzynski equality, for example, provides a link between equilibrium free energy differences and finite-time, nonequilibrium dynamics. We…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-04-27 Dibyendu Mandal , Michael R. DeWeese

We study the quantum fluctuation theorem in the one-time measurement (OTM) scheme, where the work distribution of the backward process has been lacking and which is considered to be more informative than the two-time measurement (TTM)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-20 Kenji Maeda , Tharon Holdsworth , Sebastian Deffner , Akira Sone

In a recent work, Jarzynski and Wojcik (2004 Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 230602) have shown by using the properties of Hamiltonian dynamics and a statistical mechanical consideration that, through contact, heat exchange between two systems…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2008-05-29 Yuki Sughiyama , Sumiyoshi Abe

Thermodynamic uncertainty principles make up one of the few rare anchors in the largely uncharted waters of nonequilibrium systems, the fluctuation theorems being the more familiar. In this work we aim to trace the uncertainties of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-08-02 Hang Dong , Daniel Reiche , Jen-Tsung Hsiang , Bei-Lok Hu

We study temperature fluctuations in mesoscopic $N$-body systems undergoing non-equilibrium processes from the perspective of stochastic thermodynamics. By introducing a stochastic differential equation, we describe the evolution of the…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-05-19 Zhaoyu Fei , Yu-Han Ma

In Newtonian mechanics, any closed-system dynamics of a composite system in a microstate will leave all its individual subsystems in distinct microstates, however this fails dramatically in quantum mechanics due to the existence of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-13 Erick Hinds Mingo , David Jennings

In the last ten years, a number of ``Conventional Fluctuation Theorems'' have been derived for systems with deterministic or stochastic dynamics, in a transient or in a non-equilibrium stationary state. These theorems gave explicit…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 R. van Zon , E. G. D. Cohen

"Quantum mechanics must be regarded as open systems. On one hand, this is due to the fact that, like in classical physics, any realistic system is subjected to a coupling to an uncontrollable environment which influences it in a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 S. Nicolosi

The Fluctuation Theorem and the Jarzynski equality are examined in the light of recent experimental tests. For a particle dragged through a solvent, it is shown that $Q,$ the heat exchanged with the reservoir, obeys the asymptotic…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-10 Onuttom Narayan , Abhishek Dhar

Five previously unknown inequalities relating equilibrium free energy differences and non-equilibrium work fluctuations are derived, and lucid path to derivation of many similar inequalities is presented. These results are based upon…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2011-05-24 Alexander Davydov

The two-time measurement scheme is well studied in the context of quantum fluctuation theorem. However, it becomes infeasible when the random variable determined by a single measurement trajectory is associated with the von-Neumann entropy…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-20 Akira Sone , Naoki Yamamoto , Tharon Holdsworth , Prineha Narang

We consider a quasi-probability distribution of work for an isolated quantum system coupled to the energy-storage device given by the ideal weight. Specifically, we analyze a trade-off between changes in average energy and changes in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-20 Marcin Łobejko

We obtain the Crooks and the Jarzynski non-equilibrium fluctuation relations using a direct quantum-mechanical approach for a finite system that is either isolated or coupled not too strongly to a heat bath. These results were hitherto…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2012-07-11 Doron Cohen , Yoseph Imry