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Clifford circuits -- i.e. circuits composed of only CNOT, Hadamard, and $\pi/4$ phase gates -- play a central role in the study of quantum computation. However, their computational power is limited: a well-known result of Gottesman and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-06-21 Adam Bouland , Joseph F. Fitzsimons , Dax Enshan Koh

Quantum circuits for mathematical functions such as division are necessary to use quantum computers for scientific computing. Quantum circuits based on Clifford+T gates can easily be made fault-tolerant but the T gate is very costly to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-09-27 Himanshu Thapliyal , Edgard Muñoz-Coreas , T. S. S. Varun , Travis S. Humble

Optimizing quantum circuits is challenging due to the very large search space of functionally equivalent circuits and the necessity of applying transformations that temporarily decrease performance to achieve a final performance…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-20 Zikun Li , Jinjun Peng , Yixuan Mei , Sina Lin , Yi Wu , Oded Padon , Zhihao Jia

Recently, the development of quantum chips has made great progress-- the number of qubits is increasing and the fidelity is getting higher. However, qubits of these chips are not always fully connected, which sets additional barriers for…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2018-07-06 Xin Zhang , Hong Xiang , Tao Xiang , Li Fu , Jun Sang

Quantum state preparation is an important subroutine for quantum computing. We show that any $n$-qubit quantum state can be prepared with a $\Theta(n)$-depth circuit using only single- and two-qubit gates, although with a cost of an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-25 Xiao-Ming Zhang , Tongyang Li , Xiao Yuan

Quantum computing promises significant speed-ups for certain algorithms but the practical use of current noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) era computers remains limited by resources constraints (e.g., noise, qubits, gates, and circuit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-31 Tobias Fischbach , Pierre Talbot , Pascal Bouvry

We derive a rigorous upper bound on the classical computation time of finite-ranged tensor network contractions in $d \geq 2$ dimensions. Consequently, we show that quantum circuits of single-qubit and finite-ranged two-qubit gates can be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-07 Thorsten B. Wahl , Sergii Strelchuk

Noise poses a fundamental challenge to quantum information processing, with amplitude-damping (AD) noise being particularly detrimental. Preserving high-fidelity quantum systems therefore relies critically on effective error correction and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-09 Kai Wang , Zhen-Yang Peng

Quantum computing is a promising technology that harnesses the peculiarities of quantum mechanics to deliver computational speedups for some problems that are intractable to solve on a classical computer. Current generation noisy…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-09-16 Daan Camps , Efekan Kökcü , Lindsay Bassman , Wibe A. de Jong , Alexander F. Kemper , Roel Van Beeumen

Quantum noise is a central challenge in quantum computing across many applications. Extensive work has examined how qubits couple to their environment, leading to decoherence and relaxation, which is irreversible. Current studies focus on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-30 Yunos El Kaderi , Andreas Honecker , Iryna Andriyanova

Circuit synthesis is the task of decomposing a given logical functionality into a sequence of elementary gates. It is (depth-)optimal if it is impossible to achieve the desired functionality with even shorter circuits. Optimal synthesis is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-05 Tom Peham , Nina Brandl , Richard Kueng , Robert Wille , Lukas Burgholzer

The Eastin-Knill theorem states that no quantum error correcting code can have a universal set of transversal gates. For CSS codes that can implement Clifford gates transversally it suffices to provide one additional non-Clifford gate, such…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-15 Christophe Piveteau , David Sutter , Sergey Bravyi , Jay M. Gambetta , Kristan Temme

Classical simulation of quantum computation is necessary for studying the numerical behavior of quantum algorithms, as there does not yet exist a large viable quantum computer on which to perform numerical tests. Tensor network (TN)…

A large-scale quantum circuit can be partitioned into multiple subcircuits through circuit cutting, where each subcircuit is executed multiple times and the expectation value of the original circuit is reconstructed by classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-30 Ryota Tamura , Tomoya Kashimata , Yohei Hamakawa , Kosuke Tatsumura , Hiroshi Imai

Quantum circuit optimization - the process of transforming a quantum circuit into an equivalent one with reduced time and space requirements - is crucial for maximizing the utility of current and near-future quantum devices. While most…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-23 Marcin Szyniszewski , Aleks Kissinger , Noah Linden , Paul Skrzypczyk

We study the problem of compilation of quantum algorithms into optimized physical-level circuits executable in a quantum information processing (QIP) experiment based on trapped atomic ions. We report a complete strategy: starting with an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-02-22 Dmitri Maslov

We propose a gate optimization method, which we call variational quantum gate optimization (VQGO). VQGO is a method to construct a target multi-qubit gate by optimizing a parametrized quantum circuit which consists of tunable single-qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-10-31 Kentaro Heya , Yasunari Suzuki , Yasunobu Nakamura , Keisuke Fujii

We present an algorithm, along with its implementation that finds T-optimal approximations of single-qubit Z-rotations using quantum circuits consisting of Clifford and T gates. Our algorithm is capable of handling errors in approximation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-08-30 Vadym Kliuchnikov , Dmitri Maslov , Michele Mosca

One of the main goals in quantum circuit optimisation is to reduce the number of ancillary qubits and the depth of computation, to obtain robust computation. However, most of known techniques, based on local rewriting rules, for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-01-04 Raphael Dias da Silva , Einar Pius , Elham Kashefi

Checking whether two quantum circuits are equivalent is important for the design and optimization of quantum-computer applications with real-world devices. We consider quantum circuits consisting of Clifford gates, a practically-relevant…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-03 Dimitrios Thanos , Tim Coopmans , Alfons Laarman