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We present a novel approach allowing an optically pumped magnetometer (OPM) to be operated within Earth's magnetic field as a vector magnetometer whose sensitive axis can be freely defined. This approach enables the measurement of any…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2024-08-20 Thomas Schönau , Theo Scholtes , Florian Wittkämper , Alexander Sekels , Stefan Hiebel , Gregor Oelsner , Ronny Stolz

Optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs) have demonstrated significant potential in weak magnetic field detection due to their high sensitivity. In this study, we developed an Mz-type optically pumped rubidium magnetometer using a…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2026-04-06 Zhengyu Su , Yang Li , Yongbiao Yang , Yanhua Wang , Jun He , Junmin Wang

The three axis magnetic field measurement based on the interaction of a single elliptically polarized light beam with an atomic system is described. The magnetic field direction dependent atomic responses are extracted by the polarimetric…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2016-09-21 Swarupananda Pradhan

Optically pumped atomic magnetometers (OPMs) offer highly sensitive magnetic measurements using compact hardware, offering new possibilities for practical precision sensors. Double-resonance OPM operation is well suited to unshielded…

In this work, we report the development of a rubidium-based single-beam scalar optically pumped magnetometer (OPM) and demonstrate its application in measuring human cardiac magnetic fields in an unshielded environment. The developed…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-02-17 Kushal Patel , Kesavaraja C , Pranab Dutta , Korak Biswas

Optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs) have emerged as a powerful technique for high-resolution magnetic field imaging. However, achieving sub-millimeter spatial resolution at sub-picotesla sensitivities ($\mathrm{< 1\,pT/\sqrt{Hz}}$)…

To address the demands in healthcare and industrial settings for spatially resolved magnetic imaging, we present a modular optically pumped magnetometer (OPM) system comprising a multi-sensor array of highly sensitive quantum magnetometers.…

Optically pumped atomic magnetometers (OPAMs) offer high sensitivity at room temperature and are increasingly considered for portable magnetic sensing in geomagnetic-field environments. Here we report a handheld-scale, single-beam scalar…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2026-01-14 Heonsik Lee , Hyunbeen Lee , Minseok Choi , Yoontae Hwang , Deok-Young Lee

The operation of polarimetric based single beam three axis atomic magnetometer is studied. The magnetometer operates in presence of small bias magnetic field. Its salient features are compared with the analysis of Bloch equation. The…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2019-03-18 Swarupananda Pradhan , Rita Behera

Optically-pumped magnetometers are an important instrument for imaging biological magnetic signals without the need for cryogenic cooling. These magnetometers are presently available in the commercial market and utilize the principles of…

Applied Physics · Physics 2024-04-12 Adil Meraki , Lucy Elson , Nok Ho , Ali Akbar , Marcin Koźbiał , Jan Kołodyński , Kasper Jensen

In this paper, we propose a method to estimate the position, orientation and gain of a magnetic field sensor using a set of (large) electromagnetic coils. We apply the method for calibrating an array of optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs)…

Magnetic Detection Electrical Impedance Tomography is a novel technique that could enable non-invasive imaging of fast neural activity in the brain. However, commercial magnetometers are not suited to its technical requirements.…

Medical Physics · Physics 2024-12-19 Kai Mason , Florencia Maurino-Alperovich , Kirill Aristovich , David Holder

Vector magnetometry is an essential tool in characterizing the distribution of currents and magnetization in a broad range of systems. Point defect sensors, like the nitrogen vacancy (NV) center in diamond, have demonstrated impressive…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2024-06-10 N. M. Beaver , N. Voce , P. Meisenheimer , R. Ramesh , P. Stevenson

In this paper, we present a triaxial alignment magnetometer based on free-spin precession deployed in the geomagnetic range. Existing vector measurement methods often require complex optical setups, heating structures, and laser modulation.…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2025-02-18 Ge Jin , Tao Shi , Sheng Zou

The Bell-Bloom-type optically pumped atomic magnetometers are well suited for weak geomagnetic field detection. However, conventional single-beam pumping introduces an atomic spin polarization gradient, which limits the measurement accuracy…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2026-04-06 Yongbiao Yang , Zhengyu Su , Yang Li , Yanhua Wang , Jun He , Xiaojun Jia , Junmin Wang

Optically pumped magnetometers are ultra-sensitive devices, but this sensitivity can significantly degrade due to heading errors, whereby a change in the angle between the pumping laser and the magnetic field translates to a change in the…

Applied Physics · Physics 2023-08-07 Yossi Rosenzweig , Dmitriy Tokar , Igor Shcerback , Menachem Givon , Ron Folman

Magnetoencephalography using optically pumped magnetometers (OPM-MEG) is gaining significant traction as a neuroimaging tool, with the potential for improved performance and practicality compared to conventional instrumentation. However,…

We propose a novel paradigm to vector magnetometry based on machine learning. Unlike conventional schemes where one measured signal explicitly connects to one parameter, here we encode the three-dimensional magnetic-field information in the…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2023-10-04 Xin Meng , Youwei Zhang , Xichang Zhang , Shenchao Jin , Tingran Wang , Liang Jiang , Liantuan Xiao , Suotang Jia , Yanhong Xiao

We demonstrate an all-optical magnetometer capable of measuring the magnitude and direction of a magnetic field using nonlinear magneto-optical rotation in a cesium vapor. Vector capability is added by effective modulation of the field…

Atomic Physics · Physics 2015-06-19 B. Patton , E. Zhivun , D. C. Hovde , D. Budker

Alignment-based optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs) are capable of measuring oscillating magnetic fields with high sensitivity in the fT/sqrt(Hz) range. Until now, alignment-based magnetometers have only used paraffin-coated vapour cells…

Applied Physics · Physics 2023-06-30 L. M. Rushton , L. Elson , A. Meraki , K. Jensen
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