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The unprecedented sensitivity of the \textit{James Webb Space Telescope} (\textit{JWST}) has revolutionized our understanding of the early universe. Among the most intriguing \textit{JWST} discoveries are red, very compact objects showing…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-02-07 Muhammad A. Latif , Ammara Aftab , Daniel J. Whalen , Mar Mezcua

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has uncovered low-luminosity active galactic nuclei (AGNs) at high redshifts of $z\gtrsim 4-7$, powered by accreting black holes (BHs) with masses of $\sim 10^{6-8}~M_\odot$. One remarkable distinction…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-02-06 Kohei Inayoshi , Roberto Maiolino

X-ray emission detection in a galaxy is one of the efficient tools for selecting Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs). However, many X-ray-selected AGNs are not easily selected as AGNs by their optical emission. These galaxies, so-called optically…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-03-31 Itsna K. Fitriana , Takashi Murayama

Recent observations by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) have revealed a puzzling population of optically red and compact galaxies with peculiar "V"-shaped spectra at high redshift, known as "Little Red Dots" (LRDs). Until now, most…

Little Red Dots (LRDs) are enigmatic, compact, red galaxies at high redshift, $z\sim 4$-$7$, discovered by the James Webb Space Telescope. Broad emission lines in the absence of X-ray and radio counterparts suggest that they host accreting…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-04-29 Riku Kuze , Kunihito Ioka , Kohta Murase , Shigeo S. Kimura , Kohei Inayoshi

Recent observations have revealed a unique class of active galactic nuclei (AGNs), termed little red dots (LRDs). These objects are hypothesized to be powered by massive black holes rapidly accreting in dense gaseous environments.…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-05-22 Shinsuke Takasao , Kohei Inayoshi

We evaluate the underlying assumptions for the identification of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) through near- and mid-infrared photometry and spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting out to z ~ 3. For massive galaxies, log(M) > 9.5, our…

As an unprecedented large population in the early universe, the JWST-discovered little red dots (LRDs) have garnered much attention for formation of massive black holes and galaxies, but their nature remains a mystery. The LRDs appearing as…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-11-13 Jian-Min Wang , Yi-Lin Wang , Yong-Jie Chen , Jun-Rong Liu , Yu-Yang Songsheng , Cheng Cheng , Yan-Rong Li , Pu Du , Hao Zhang , Yu Zhao

As a step toward elucidating the physical conditions in nearby active galaxies, this paper presents spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of a sample of seven low-luminosity active galactic nuclei (AGNs). SEDs for four objects are presented…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Luis C. Ho

We characterize the incidence of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) is 0.3 < z < 1 star-forming galaxies by applying multi-wavelength AGN diagnostics (X-ray, optical, mid-infrared, radio) to a sample of galaxies selected at 70-micron from the…

New populations of red active galactic nuclei (known as ``Little Red Dots'') discovered by JWST exhibit remarkable spectral energy distributions. Leveraging X-ray through far-infrared observations of two of the most luminous known Little…

Recent observations have revealed an interesting active galactic nuclei (AGN) subclass that shows strong activity at large scales ($\sim1$ kpc) but weaker at small scales ($<10$ pc), suggesting a strong change in the mass accretion rate of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-10-26 J. Pflugradt , K. Ichikawa , M. Akiyama , M. Kokubo , B. Vijarnwannaluk , H. Noda , X. Chen

We propose a new method for identifying active galactic nuclei (AGN) in low mass ($\rm M_*\leq10^{10}M_\odot$) galaxies. This method relies on spectral energy distribution (SED) fitting to identify galaxies whose radio flux density has an…

We present a study of the connection between black hole accretion, star formation, and galaxy morphology at z<=2.5. We focus on active galactic nuclei (AGNs) selected by their mid-IR power-law emission. By fitting optical to far-IR…

Changing-look Active Galactic Nuclei (CL AGNs) exhibit drastic variations in broad emission lines (BELs), the mechanism of which remains unclear. Expanding the sample of CL AGNs is helpful to reveal the mechanism. This study aims to…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-04-24 Qian Dong , Zhi-Xiang Zhang , Wei-Min Gu , Mouyuan Sun , Yong-Gang Zheng

We present ongoing work on the spectral energy distributions (SEDs) of active galactic nuclei (AGNs), derived from X-ray, ultraviolet, optical, infrared and radio photometry and spectroscopy. Our work is motivated by new wide-field imaging…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-06-17 M. J. I. Brown , K. J. Duncan , H. Landt , M. Kirk , C. Ricci , N. Kamraj

Little red dots (LRDs) are a newly identified class of broad-line active galactic nuclei (AGN) with a distinctive v-shape spectrum characterized by red optical and blue UV continuum emission. Their high abundance at redshifts of $z\sim6-8$…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-04-29 Kohei Inayoshi , Jinyi Shangguan , Xian Chen , Luis C. Ho , Zoltan Haiman

JWST spectroscopy has discovered a population of $z \gtrsim 3.5$ galaxies with broad Balmer emission lines, and narrow forbidden lines, that are consistent with hosting active galactic nuclei (AGN). Many of these systems, now known as…