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Little red dots (LRDs), high-redshift, compact, red objects with V-shaped spectra, are one of the most exciting and perplexing discoveries made by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST). While the simplest explanation for LRDs is that they…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-09-05 Amy Secunda , Rachel S. Somerville , Yan-Fei Jiang , Jenny E. Greene , Lukas J. Furtak , Adi Zitrin

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has uncovered a new population of candidate broad-line AGN emerging in the early Universe, named ''little red dots'' (LRDs) because of their compactness and red colors at optical wavelengths. LRDs…

The population of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) newly discovered by the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) exhibits peculiar properties that distinguish it from both local type I AGN and high-redshift quasars. Most of these sources are…

High-redshift active galactic nuclei (AGN) serve as powerful probes of early black-hole growth, galaxy formation, and the evolving intergalactic medium (IGM). In this work, we use Lumina, a cosmological radiation-hydrodynamic simulation…

Little red dots (LRDs) newly discovered with JWST are active galactic nuclei (AGN) that may represent black hole (BH) growth at the earliest cosmic epochs. These sources show puzzling features unlike typical AGNs, including red optical…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-03-04 Hiroya Umeda , Kohei Inayoshi , Yuichi Harikane , Kohta Murase

James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has revealed a population of red and compact objects with a unique V-shape SED at z >= 4 known as Little Red Dots (LRDs). Most of the LRDs with existing spectral observations exhibit broad Balmer lines and…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-01-06 Zijian Zhang , Linhua Jiang , Weiyang Liu , Luis C. Ho , Kohei Inayoshi

Early JWST studies found an apparent population of massive, compact galaxies at redshifts $z\gtrsim7$. Recently three of these galaxies were shown to have prominent Balmer breaks, demonstrating that their light at $\lambda_{\rm rest} \sim…

JWST observations have uncovered a new population of red, compact objects at high redshifts dubbed `Little Red Dots' (LRDs), which typically show broad emission lines and are thought to be dusty Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN). Some of their…

We utilize JWST imaging of the massive lensing cluster field A2744 to find close pairs of compact sources with separations less than 0.25". A large fraction of these "Double Dots" correspond to Little Red Dots (LRDs) or high-redshift…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-05-28 A. J. Barger , L. L. Cowie

We present simulated counterparts of the ``Little Red Dot'' (LRD) galaxies observed with JWST, using the large cosmological hydrodynamic simulation, ASTRID. We create mock observations of the galaxies ($5 \leq z \leq 8$) in ASTRID, and find…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-01-21 Patrick LaChance , Rupert A. C. Croft , Tiziana Di Matteo , Yihao Zhou , Fabio Pacucci , Yueying Ni , Nianyi Chen , Simeon Bird

We test whether ``little red dots'' (LRDs) are the dust-reddened, high-inclination counterparts of bluer compact broad-line active galactic nuclei, here referred to as ``little blue dots'' (LBDs), by modeling their relative number densities…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-05-07 Piero Madau , Roberto Maiolino

Modeling the spectral energy distribution (SED) of active galactic nuclei (AGN) plays a very important role in constraining modern cosmological simulations of galaxy formation. Here, we utilize an advanced supermassive black hole (SMBH)…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-03-23 Tong Su , Qi Guo , Erlin Qiao , Wenxiang Pei , Luis C. Ho , Cedric G. Lacey

We have compiled a large sample of low-redshift active galactic nuclei (AGN) identified via their emission line characteristics from the spectroscopic data of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. Since emission lines are often contaminated by…

The high redshift 'little red dots' (LRDs) detected with the James Webb Space Telescope are considered to be the cores of emerging galaxies that host active galactic nuclei (AGN). For the first time, we compare LRDs with local compact…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-05-07 Alister W. Graham , Igor V. Chilingarian , Dieu D. Nguyen , Roberto Soria , Mark Durre , Duncan A. Forbes

The physics of active super massive black holes (BHs) is governed by their mass (M_BH), spin (a*) and accretion rate ($\dot{M}$). This work is the first in a series of papers with the aim of testing how these parameters determine the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-23 Daniel M. Capellupo , Hagai Netzer , Paulina Lira , Benny Trakhtenbrot , Julían Mejía-Restrepo

Active galactic nuclei (AGN) are supermassive black holes with luminous accretion disks found in some galaxies, and are thought to play an important role in galaxy evolution. However, traditional optical spectroscopy for identifying AGN…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-12-16 Ziting Guo , John F. Wu , Chelsea E. Sharon

We present a large sample of infrared-luminous candidate active galactic nuclei (AGNs) that lack X-ray detections in Chandra, XMM-Newton, and NuSTAR fields. We selected all optically detected SDSS sources with redshift measurements,…

The great power offered by photoionization models of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) emission-line regions has long been mitigated by the fact that very little is known about the spectral energy distribution (SED) between the Lyman limit,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-05-13 Gary Ferland , Chris Done , Chichuan Jin , Hermine Landt , Martin Ward