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Distributed cooperative droop control consisting of the primary decentralized droop control and the {secondary} distributed correction control is studied in this paper, which aims to achieve an exact current sharing between generators,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-05-17 Ji Xiang , Yu Wang , Yanjun Li , Wei Wei

This paper investigates the performance of a microgrid with droop-controlled inverters in terms of the total power losses incurred in maintaining synchrony under persistent small disturbances. The inverters are modeled with variable…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-02-01 Emma Tegling , Dennice F. Gayme , Henrik Sandberg

The integration of massive offshore wind into hybrid AC-HVDC grids demands robust DC voltage regulation, yet conventional fixed-gain droop controllers struggle under severe stochastic volatility. This paper bridges the gap between…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-08 Hongjin Du , Aleksandra Lekić

This paper is motivated by the need to enhance today's Automatic Generation Control (AGC) for ensuring high quality frequency response in the changing electric power systems. Renewable energy sources, if not controlled carefully, create…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2019-02-21 Xia Miao , Qixing Liu , Marija Ilic

A new method for the stability assessment of inverter-based microgrids is presented in this paper. Directly determining stability boundaries by searching the multidimensional space of inverters' droop gains is a computationally prohibitive…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-02 Andrey Gorbunov , Jimmy Chih-Hsien Peng , Janusz W. Bialek , Petr Vorobev

Grid-connected power converters are ubiquitous in modern power systems, acting as grid interfaces of renewable energy sources, energy storage systems, electric vehicles, high-voltage DC systems, etc. Conventionally, power converters use…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-14 Ruohan Leng , Linbin Huang , Huanhai Xin , Ping Ju , Xiongfei Wang , Eduardo Prieto-Araujo , Florian Dörfler

DC microgrids are converter-based electrical networks that are increasingly being used in various applications, including data centers and industrial distribution systems. A central challenge in their operation is maintaining the DC-bus…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-30 Jovan Krajacic , Ognjen Stanojev , Mario Schweizer , Orcun Karaca , Gabriela Hug , Vladan Lazarević

Introduction of renewable generation leads to significant reduction of inertia in power system, which deteriorates the quality of frequency control. This paper suggests a new control scheme utilizing controllable load to deal with low…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-11-30 Oleg O. Khamisov , Janusz W. Bialek , Anatoly Dymarsky

Power grid frequency control is a demanding task requiring expensive idle power plants to adapt the supply to the fluctuating demand. An alternative approach is controlling the demand side in such a way that certain appliances modify their…

Physics and Society · Physics 2017-08-09 E. B. Tchawou Tchuisseu , D. Gomila , D. Brunner , P. Colet

The AC frequency in electrical power systems is conventionally regulated by synchronous machines. The gradual replacement of these machines by asynchronous renewable-based generation, which provides little or no frequency control, increases…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-06-13 Richard Pates , Enrique Mallada

The increase of electric demand and the progressive integration of renewable sources threatens the stability of the power grid. To solve this issue, several methods have been proposed to control the demand side instead of increasing the…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-05-22 Eder Batista Tchawou Tchuisseu , Damià Gomila , Pere Colet

With the growing integration of modular multilevel converters (MMCs) in Multi-Terminal Direct Current (MTDC) transmission systems, there is an increasing need for control strategies that ensure both economic efficiency and robust dynamic…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-07 Hongjin Du , Tuanku Badzlin Hashfi , Rashmi Prasad , Pedro P. Vergara , Peter Palensky , Aleksandra Lekić

We study the global asymptotic behavior of a grid-connected constant field current synchronous generator (SG). The grid is regarded as an "infinite bus", i.e. a three-phase AC voltage source. The generator does not include any controller…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-10-18 Vivek Natarajan , George Weiss

Classical discrete-time adaptive controllers provide asymptotic stabilization. While the original adaptive controllers did not handle noise or unmodelled dynamics well, redesigned versions were proven to have some tolerance; however,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-11-28 Daniel E. Miller

This paper examines distribution systems with a high integration of distributed energy resources (DERs) and addresses the design of local control methods for real-time voltage regulation. Particularly, the paper focuses on proportional…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-07-27 Kyri Baker , Andrey Bernstein , Emiliano Dall'Anese , Changhong Zhao

Many countries' policies have shifted rapidly towards using renewable energy for climate reasons. As a result, inverter-based resources are beginning to dominate power systems. Key elements for managing the loss of conventional generators…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-24 Waleed Breesam , Stefan M. Goetz

Electromechanical transients in power networks are mostly caused by a mismatch between power consumption and production, causing generators to deviate from the nominal frequency. To that end, feedback control algorithms have been designed…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-02-09 Sebastian A. Nugroho , Ahmad F. Taha

The frequency stability of a power system is of paramount importance, as a fast frequency swings in the system can lead to oscillatory instability, and thereby blackouts. A grid-connected microgrid, that can operate in the islanded mode can…

This paper develops a new analytical model to estimate real-time variations in grid frequency and voltages resulting from dynamic network reconfiguration (DNR). In the proposed model, switching operations are considered as discrete…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-12-15 Jae-Young Park , Young-Jin Kim

When electric vehicles (EVs) are integrated into standalone DC microgrids (DCMGs), stability issues arise due to their constant power load (CPL) behavior, which provides negative incremental impedance (NII). In addition, the microgrids…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-28 Md Saiful Islam , Rahul Bhadani