Enhanced Automatic Generation Control (E-AGC) for Electric Power Systems with Large Intermittent Renewable Energy Sources

This paper is motivated by the need to enhance today's Automatic Generation Control (AGC) for ensuring high quality frequency response in the changing electric power systems. Renewable energy sources, if not controlled carefully, create persistent fast and often large oscillations in their electric power outputs. A sufficiently detailed dynamical model of the interconnected system which captures the effects of fast nonlinear disturbances created by the renewable energy resources is derived for the first time. Consequently, the real power flow interarea oscillations and the resulting frequency deviations are modeled. The modeling is multi-layered, and the dynamics of each layer (component level (generator); control area (control balancing authority), and the interconnected system) is expressed in terms of internal states and the interaction variables (IntV) between the layers and within the layers. E-AGC is then derived using this model to show how these interarea oscillations can be canceled. Simulation studies are carried out on a 5-bus system.