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Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) promises a provably secure method to transmit information from one party to another. Free-space QKD allows for this information to be sent over great distances and in places where fibre-based communications…

The advent of quantum computers has significantly challenged the security of traditional cryptographic systems, prompting a surge in research on quantum key distribution (QKD). Among various QKD approaches, continuous-variable QKD (CVQKD)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-26 Xiaojuan Liao , Yuehan Xu , Qijun Zhang , Peng Huang , Tao Wang , Kaizhi Wang , Guihua Zeng

Future global quantum communication networks, or quantum Internet, will realize high-rate secure communication and entanglement distribution for large-scale users over long distances. Continuous variable (CV) quantum key distribution (QKD)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-26 Zhiyue Zuo , Masoud Ghalaii , Stefano Pirandola

Quantum key distribution relying on the principles of quantum mechanics enables two parties to produce a shared random secret key, thereby ensuring the security of data transmission. Continuous variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-05 Dengke Qi , Xiangyu Wang , Jiayu Ma , Zhenghua Li , Ziyang Chen , Yueming Lu , Song Yu

The performance of the information reconciliation phase is crucial for quantum key distribution (QKD). Reverse reconciliation (RR) is typically preferred over direct reconciliation (DR) because it yields higher secure key rates. However, a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Marco Origlia , Marco Secondini

Continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) protocols based on coherent detection have been studied extensively in both theory and experiment. In all the existing implementations of CV-QKD, both the quantum signal and the local…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-10-28 Bing Qi , Pavel Lougovski , Raphael Pooser , Warren Grice , Miljko Bobrek

Continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) over free-space optical links is a promising approach for secure communication, but its performance is limited by turbulence, pointing errors, and angular leakage that can be exploited by…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-23 Mohammad Taghi Dabiri , Meysam Ghanbari , Rula Ammuri , Saif Al-Kuwari , Mazen Hasna , Khalid Qaraqe

Modern security proofs of quantum key distribution (QKD) must take finite-size effects and composable aspects into consideration. This is also the case for continuous-variable (CV) protocols which are based on the transmission and detection…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-27 Stefano Pirandola , Panagiotis Papanastasiou

We expand the recently discussed continuous-variable quantum key distribution scheme of Heid and Luetkenhaus (2006) to qudits with a lossy but noiseless quantum channel. Postselection methods are used. Secret key rates are calculated in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-03-12 Ulrich Seyfarth

We evaluate the performance of two architectures for network-wide quantum key distribution (QKD): Relayed QKD, which relays keys over multi-link QKD paths for non-adjacent nodes, and Switched QKD, which uses optical switches to dynamically…

We propose an improved two-way continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV QKD) protocol by adding proper random noise on the receiver's homodyne detection, the security of which is analysed against general collective attacks. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-07 Maozhu Sun , Xiang Peng , Hong Guo

Reconciliation is an essential procedure for continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD). As the most commonly used reconciliation protocol in short-distance CV-QKD, the slice error correction (SEC) allows a system to distill more…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-17 Xuan Wen , Qiong Li , Haokun Mao , Xiaojun Wen , Nan Chen

Quantum key distribution (QKD) enables two remote parties to share encryption keys with security based on the laws of physics. Continuous variable (CV) QKD with coherent states and coherent detection integrates well with existing…

This paper significantly advances the application of Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) in Free- Space Optics (FSO) satellite-based quantum communication. We propose an innovative satellite quantum channel model and derive the secret quantum…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-22 Mouli Chakraborty , Anshu Mukherjee , Ioannis Krikidis , Avishek Nag , Subhash Chandra

Continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV QKD) using optical coherent detectors is practically favorable due to its low implementation cost, flexibility of wavelength division multiplexing, and compatibility with standard coherent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-05 Anran Jin , Xingjian Zhang , Liang Jiang , Richard V. Penty , Pei Zeng

In this study, we analyze the secret key capacity of intensity modulation/direct detection optical key distribution (IM/DD OKD) for a free-space optical (FSO) link between a low-Earth orbit satellite and an optical ground station. Focusing…

Numerical methods are widely used to calculate the secure key rate of many quantum key distribution protocols in practice, but they consume many computing resources and are too time-consuming. In this work, we take the homodyne detection…

Continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) enables information-theoretically secure key generation between legitimate parties. To further enhance system performance, an improved two-way CV-QKD protocol has been proposed, which is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-28 Yanhao Sun , Jiayu Ma , Xiangyu Wang , Song Yu , Ziyang Chen , Hong Guo

Quantum key distribution (QKD) relies on quantum and classical procedures in order to achieve the growing of a secret random string -the key- known only to the two parties executing the protocol. Limited intrinsic efficiency of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-04-04 David Elkouss , Jesus Martinez-Mateo , Vicente Martin

This paper investigates a reconciliation method in order to establish an errorless secret key in a QKD protocol. Classical key distribution protocols are no longer unconditionally secure because computational complexity of mathematical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-02-19 Nedra Benletaief , Houria Rezig , Ammar Bouallegue