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This paper reports on the comparison of the subject and object of verbs in their usage between phishing emails and legitimate emails. The purpose of this research is to explore whether the syntactic structures and subjects and objects of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2015-06-02 Gilchan Park , Julia M. Taylor

AI programs, built using large language models, make it possible to automatically create phishing emails based on a few data points about a user. They stand in contrast to traditional phishing emails that hackers manually design using…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-04 Fredrik Heiding , Bruce Schneier , Arun Vishwanath , Jeremy Bernstein , Peter S. Park

Social engineering attacks delivered via email, commonly known as phishing, represent a persistent cybersecurity threat leading to significant organizational incidents and data breaches. Although many organizations train employees on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Andrew T. Rozema , James C. Davis

Spam and phishing remain critical threats in cybersecurity, responsible for nearly 90% of security incidents. As these attacks grow in sophistication, the need for robust defensive mechanisms intensifies. Bayesian spam filters, like the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Malte Josten , Torben Weis

Developments in artificial intelligence (AI) are likely to affect social engineering and change cyber defense operations. The broad and sweeping nature of AI impact means that many aspects of social engineering could be automated,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Krystal A. Jackson

Phishing and sophisticated email-based social engineering attacks disproportionately affect vulnerable populations, such as refugees and immigrant students. However, these groups remain understudied in cybersecurity research. This gap in…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Mythili Menon , Nisha Vinayaga-Sureshkanth , Alec Schon , Kaitlyn Hemberger , Murtuza Jadliwala

There is an increase in global malware threats. To address this, an encryption-type ransomware has been introduced on the Android operating system. The challenges associated with malicious threats in phone use have become a pressing issue…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Parick Ozoh , John K Omoniyi , Bukola Ibitoye

The use of short text messages in social media and instant messaging has become a popular communication channel during the last years. This rising popularity has caused an increment in messaging threats such as spam, phishing or malware as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2014-08-19 Alejandro Mosquera , Lamine Aouad , Slawomir Grzonkowski , Dylan Morss

The security evaluation for Mail Distribution Systems focuses on certification and reliability of sensitive data between mail servers. The need to certify the information conveyed is a result of known weaknesses in the simple mail transfer…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2014-11-18 Antonis S. Rizopoulos , Dimitrios N. Kallergis , George N. Prezerakos

Social engineering cyberattacks are a major threat because they often prelude sophisticated and devastating cyberattacks. Social engineering cyberattacks are a kind of psychological attack that exploits weaknesses in human cognitive…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-07-13 Rosana Montanez Rodriguez , Edward Golob , Shouhuai Xu

In the wake of the arrival of digital media, the Internet, the web, and online social media, a flood of new cyber security research questions have emerged. There is a lot of money being lost around the world because of cyber-attacks. As a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Kashif Ishaq , Sidra Fareed

The world is full of text data, yet text analytics has not traditionally played a large part in statistics education. We consider four different ways to provide students with opportunities to explore whether email messages are unwanted…

Other Statistics · Statistics 2022-10-11 Nicholas J. Horton , Jie Chao , William Finzer , Phebe Palmer

Malicious websites are responsible for a majority of the cyber-attacks and scams today. Malicious URLs are delivered to unsuspecting users via email, text messages, pop-ups or advertisements. Clicking on or crawling such URLs can result in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-10-15 Apoorva Joshi , Levi Lloyd , Paul Westin , Srini Seethapathy

Recent threat reports highlight that email remains the top vector for delivering malware to endpoints. Despite these statistics, detecting malicious email attachments and URLs often neglects semantic cues linguistic features and contextual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Andrey Yakymovych , Abhishek Singh

The paper presents a suspicious email detection model which incorporates enhanced feature selection. In the paper we proposed the use of feature selection strategies along with classification technique for terrorists email detection. The…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-12-09 Sarwat Nizamani , Nasrullah Memon , Uffe Kock Wiil , Panagiotis Karampelas

In this paper, we introduce a metadata-enriched generation framework (PhishFuzzer) that seeds real emails into Large Language Models (LLMs) to produce 23,100 diverse, structurally consistent email variants across controlled entity and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Rebeka Toth , Tamas Bisztray , Nils Gruschka

The increase in people's use of mobile messaging services has led to the spread of social engineering attacks like phishing, considering that spam text is one of the main factors in the dissemination of phishing attacks to steal sensitive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-10 Mai A. Shaaban , Yasser F. Hassan , Shawkat K. Guirguis

Cybercriminals have found in online social networks a propitious medium to spread spam and malicious content. Existing techniques for detecting spam include predicting the trustworthiness of accounts and analyzing the content of these…

Internet technology is so pervasive today, for example, from online social networking to online banking, it has made people's lives more comfortable. Due the growth of Internet technology, security threats to systems and networks are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-05-30 B. B. Gupta , Nalin Asanka Gamagedara Arachchilage , Konstantinos E. Psannis

Today, people use email services such as Gmail, Outlook, AOL Mail, etc. to communicate with each other as quickly as possible to send information and official letters. Spam or junk mail is a major challenge to this type of communication,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-03-16 Kazem Taghandiki