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Collecting high quality conversational data can be very expensive for most applications and infeasible for others due to privacy, ethical, or similar concerns. A promising direction to tackle this problem is to generate synthetic dialogues…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-20 Maximillian Chen , Alexandros Papangelis , Chenyang Tao , Seokhwan Kim , Andy Rosenbaum , Yang Liu , Zhou Yu , Dilek Hakkani-Tur

Large language models are rapidly transforming social science research by enabling the automation of labor-intensive tasks like data annotation and text analysis. However, LLM outputs vary significantly depending on the implementation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Joachim Baumann , Paul Röttger , Aleksandra Urman , Albert Wendsjö , Flor Miriam Plaza-del-Arco , Johannes B. Gruber , Dirk Hovy

Political online participation in the form of discussing political issues and exchanging opinions among citizens is gaining importance with more and more formats being held digitally. To come to a decision, a thorough discussion and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Maike Behrendt , Stefan Sylvius Wagner , Carina Weinmann , Marike Bormann , Mira Warne , Stefan Harmeling

As large language models (LLMs) evolve from single-user assistants to active participants in civic and workplace deliberation, evaluating their effects on collective decision making becomes a governance challenge. We present two empirical…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Aaron Parisi , Nithum Thain , Alden Hallak , Vivian Tsai , Crystal Qian

Sarcasm fundamentally alters meaning through tone and context, yet detecting it in speech remains a challenge due to data scarcity. In addition, existing detection systems often rely on multimodal data, limiting their applicability in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Zhu Li , Yuqing Zhang , Xiyuan Gao , Shekhar Nayak , Matt Coler

Data annotated by humans is a source of knowledge by describing the peculiarities of the problem and therefore fueling the decision process of the trained model. Unfortunately, the annotation process for subjective natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Kamil Kanclerz , Julita Bielaniewicz , Marcin Gruza , Jan Kocon , Stanisław Woźniak , Przemysław Kazienko

Smart contract comment generation has gained traction as a means to improve code comprehension and maintainability in blockchain systems. However, evaluating the quality of generated comments remains a challenge. Traditional metrics such as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Fatou Ndiaye Mbodji

Evaluating production-level retrieval systems at scale is a crucial yet challenging task due to the limited availability of a large pool of well-trained human annotators. Large Language Models (LLMs) have the potential to address this…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-09-19 Kasra Hosseini , Thomas Kober , Josip Krapac , Roland Vollgraf , Weiwei Cheng , Ana Peleteiro Ramallo

Automatically assessing classroom discussion quality is becoming increasingly feasible with the help of new NLP advancements such as large language models (LLMs). In this work, we examine how the assessment performance of 2 LLMs interacts…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Nhat Tran , Benjamin Pierce , Diane Litman , Richard Correnti , Lindsay Clare Matsumura

Social Media and Internet have the potential to be exploited as a source of opinion to enrich Decision Making solutions. Crowd Decision Making (CDM) is a methodology able to infer opinions and decisions from plain texts, such as reviews…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-04 David Herrera-Poyatos , Cristina Zuheros , Rosana Montes , Francisco Herrera

As generative AI models such as large language models (LLMs) become more pervasive, ensuring the safety, robustness, and overall trustworthiness of these systems is paramount. However, AI is currently facing a reproducibility crisis driven…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Deepak Pandita , Flip Korn , Chris Welty , Christopher M. Homan

Variation in human annotation (i.e., disagreements) is common in NLP, often reflecting important information like task subjectivity and sample ambiguity. Modeling this variation is important for applications that are sensitive to such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Jingwei Ni , Yu Fan , Vilém Zouhar , Donya Rooein , Alexander Hoyle , Mrinmaya Sachan , Markus Leippold , Dirk Hovy , Elliott Ash

What if large language models could not only infer human mindsets but also expose every blind spot in team dialogue such as discrepancies in the team members' joint understanding? We present a novel, two-step framework that leverages large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Katharine Kowalyshyn , Matthias Scheutz

Aligning large language models (LLMs) with human preferences has proven to drastically improve usability and has driven rapid adoption as demonstrated by ChatGPT. Alignment techniques such as supervised fine-tuning (SFT) and reinforcement…

Nudge strategies are effective tools for influencing behaviour, but their impact depends on individual preferences. Strategies that work for some individuals may be counterproductive for others. We hypothesize that large language models…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Vladimir Maksimenko , Qingyao Xin , Prateek Gupta , Bin Zhang , Prateek Bansal

We propose an aspect-guided, multi-level perturbation framework to evaluate the robustness of Large Language Models (LLMs) in automated peer review. Our framework explores perturbations in three key components of the peer review…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Jiatao Li , Yanheng Li , Xinyu Hu , Mingqi Gao , Xiaojun Wan

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at linear reasoning tasks but remain underexplored on non-linear structures such as those found in natural debates, which are best expressed as argument graphs. We evaluate whether LLMs can approximate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Reza Sanayei , Srdjan Vesic , Eduardo Blanco , Mihai Surdeanu

Measurement of interaction quality is a critical task for the improvement of spoken dialog systems. Existing approaches to dialog quality estimation either focus on evaluating the quality of individual turns, or collect dialog-level quality…

The emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) as chat assistants capable of generating human-like conversations has amplified the need for robust evaluation methods, particularly for open-ended tasks. Conventional metrics such as EM and F1,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Sher Badshah , Hassan Sajjad

Speech-to-Speech (S2S) Large Language Models (LLMs) are foundational to natural human-computer interaction, enabling end-to-end spoken dialogue systems. However, evaluating these models remains a fundamental challenge. We propose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Yuan Ge , Junxiang Zhang , Xiaoqian Liu , Bei Li , Xiangnan Ma , Chenglong Wang , Kaiyang Ye , Yangfan Du , Linfeng Zhang , Yuxin Huang , Tong Xiao , Zhengtao Yu , JingBo Zhu