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Related papers: Risks and NLP Design: A Case Study on Procedural D…

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This study presents an innovative approach to the application of large language models (LLMs) in clinical decision-making, focusing on OpenAI's ChatGPT. Our approach introduces the use of contextual prompts-strategically designed to include…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Fatemeh Nazary , Yashar Deldjoo , Tommaso Di Noia

Recent years have seen the wide application of NLP models in crucial areas such as finance, medical treatment, and news media, raising concerns of the model robustness and vulnerabilities. In this paper, we propose a novel prompt-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-22 Yuting Yang , Pei Huang , Juan Cao , Jintao Li , Yun Lin , Jin Song Dong , Feifei Ma , Jian Zhang

Zero-shot Visual Question Answering (VQA) is a prominent vision-language task that examines both the visual and textual understanding capability of systems in the absence of training data. Recently, by converting the images into captions,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Yunshi Lan , Xiang Li , Xin Liu , Yang Li , Wei Qin , Weining Qian

Alongside huge volumes of research on deep learning models in NLP in the recent years, there has been also much work on benchmark datasets needed to track modeling progress. Question answering and reading comprehension have been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-20 Anna Rogers , Matt Gardner , Isabelle Augenstein

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly applied to cybersecurity question answering (QA) for critical tasks such as incident response and vulnerability analysis. However, real-world operational contexts, including system logs and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Matilda Gaddi , Jin Noh , Onat Gungor , Tajana Rosing

Incident response plays a pivotal role in mitigating the impact of cyber attacks. In recent years, the intensity and complexity of global cyber threats have grown significantly, making it increasingly challenging for traditional threat…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Xihuan Lin , Jie Zhang , Gelei Deng , Tianzhe Liu , Tianwei Zhang , Qing Guo , Riqing Chen

Natural Language Processing (NLP) is revolutionising the way both professionals and laypersons operate in the legal field. The considerable potential for NLP in the legal sector, especially in developing computational assistance tools for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Farid Ariai , Joel Mackenzie , Gianluca Demartini

Language model deployments in consumer-facing applications introduce numerous risks. While existing research on harms and hazards of such applications follows top-down approaches derived from regulatory frameworks and theoretical analyses,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Pierre Le Jeune , Jiaen Liu , Luca Rossi , Matteo Dora

In this paper, we argue that the design and development of multimodal datasets for natural language processing (NLP) challenges should be enhanced in two significant respects: to more broadly represent commonsense semantic inferences; and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-14 James Pustejovsky , Eben Holderness , Jingxuan Tu , Parker Glenn , Kyeongmin Rim , Kelley Lynch , Richard Brutti

Large language models (LLMs) face a fundamental trade-off between computational efficiency (e.g., number of parameters) and output quality, especially when deployed on computationally limited devices such as phones or laptops. One way to…

Large language models (LLMs) have become ubiquitous, interfacing with humans in numerous safety-critical applications. This necessitates improving capabilities, but importantly coupled with greater safety measures to align these models with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Ujwal Narayan , Shreyas Chaudhari , Ashwin Kalyan , Tanmay Rajpurohit , Karthik Narasimhan , Ameet Deshpande , Vishvak Murahari

Many promising-looking ideas in AI research fail to deliver, but their validation takes substantial human labor and compute. Predicting an idea's chance of success is thus crucial for accelerating empirical AI research, a skill that even…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Jiaxin Wen , Chenglei Si , Yueh-han Chen , He He , Shi Feng

As cyber threats become more sophisticated, rapid and accurate vulnerability detection is essential for maintaining secure systems. This study explores the use of Large Language Models (LLMs) in software vulnerability assessment by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-13 David Farr , Kevin Talty , Alexandra Farr , John Stockdale , Iain Cruickshank , Jevin West

It is a long-standing desire of industry and research to automate the software development and testing process as much as possible. In this process, requirements engineering (RE) plays a fundamental role for all other steps that build on…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Viju Sudhi , Libin Kutty , Robin Gröpler

Objective: Question answering (QA) systems have the potential to improve the quality of clinical care by providing health professionals with the latest and most relevant evidence. However, QA systems have not been widely adopted. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Gregory Kell , Angus Roberts , Serge Umansky , Linglong Qian , Davide Ferrari , Frank Soboczenski , Byron Wallace , Nikhil Patel , Iain J Marshall

We address the problem of calibrating prediction confidence for output entities of interest in natural language processing (NLP) applications. It is important that NLP applications such as named entity recognition and question answering…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-05-07 Abhyuday Jagannatha , Hong Yu

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have notably propelled natural language processing (NLP) capabilities, demonstrating significant potential in safety engineering applications. Despite these advancements, LLMs face…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Haiyang Tang , Zhenyi Liu , Dongping Chen , Qingzhao Chu

Clinical trial eligibility matching is a critical yet often labor-intensive and error-prone step in medical research, as it ensures that participants meet precise criteria for safe and reliable study outcomes. Recent advances in Natural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Muhammad Talha Sharif , Abdul Rehman

In this paper, we introduce SecQA, a novel dataset tailored for evaluating the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) in the domain of computer security. Utilizing multiple-choice questions generated by GPT-4 based on the "Computer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Zefang Liu

Decision support systems based on clinical notes have the potential to improve patient care by pointing doctors towards overseen risks. Predicting a patient's outcome is an essential part of such systems, for which the use of deep neural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-01 Betty van Aken , Sebastian Herrmann , Alexander Löser