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Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized various applications, making robust safety alignment essential to prevent harmful outputs. Current safety alignment techniques, however, harbor inherent vulnerabilities due to their reliance…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yuxi Li , Yi Liu , Yuekang Li , Ling Shi , Gelei Deng , Shengquan Chen , Kailong Wang

Synthetic Data Generation (SDG), leveraging Large Language Models (LLMs), has recently been recognized and broadly adopted as an effective approach to improve the performance of smaller but more resource and compute efficient LLMs through…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Srideepika Jayaraman , Achille Fokoue , Dhaval Patel , Jayant Kalagnanam

Evaluating relevance in large-scale search systems is fundamentally constrained by the governance gap between nuanced, resource-constrained human oversight and the high-throughput requirements of production systems. While traditional…

Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive promise in code generation, yet their progress remains limited by the shortage of large-scale datasets that are both diverse and well-aligned with human reasoning. Most existing resources…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Amal Abed , Ivan Lukic , Jörg K. H. Franke , Frank Hutter

Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained increasing attention for their remarkable capacity, alongside concerns about safety arising from their potential to produce harmful content. Red teaming aims to find prompts that could elicit harmful…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Rui Li , Peiyi Wang , Jingyuan Ma , Di Zhang , Lei Sha , Zhifang Sui

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems leverage Large Language Models (LLMs) to generate accurate and reliable responses that are grounded in retrieved context. However, LLMs often generate inconsistent outputs for semantically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Xujun Peng , Anoop Kumar , Jingyu Wu , Parker Glenn , Daben Liu

Red teaming is a common strategy for identifying weaknesses in generative language models (LMs), where adversarial prompts are produced that trigger an LM to generate unsafe responses. Red teaming is instrumental for both model alignment…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Nevan Wichers , Carson Denison , Ahmad Beirami

Efforts to ensure the safety of large language models (LLMs) include safety fine-tuning, evaluation, and red teaming. However, despite the widespread use of the Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) framework, AI safety work focuses on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Bang An , Shiyue Zhang , Mark Dredze

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems face significant performance gaps when applied to technical domains requiring precise information extraction from complex documents. Current evaluation methodologies relying on document-level…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Aryan Jadon , Avinash Patil , Shashank Kumar

Suicidal ideation detection is a vital research area that holds great potential for improving mental health support systems. However, the sensitivity surrounding suicide-related data poses challenges in accessing large-scale, annotated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Hamideh Ghanadian , Isar Nejadgholi , Hussein Al Osman

Red-teaming is a common practice for mitigating unsafe behaviors in Large Language Models (LLMs), which involves thoroughly assessing LLMs to identify potential flaws and addressing them with responsible and accurate responses. While…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Suyu Ge , Chunting Zhou , Rui Hou , Madian Khabsa , Yi-Chia Wang , Qifan Wang , Jiawei Han , Yuning Mao

Co-speech gesture generation enhances human-computer interaction realism through speech-synchronized gesture synthesis. However, generating semantically meaningful gestures remains a challenging problem. We propose SARGes, a novel framework…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Nan Gao , Yihua Bao , Dongdong Weng , Jiayi Zhao , Jia Li , Yan Zhou , Pengfei Wan , Di Zhang

Evaluating the safety robustness of LLMs is critical for their deployment. However, mainstream Red Teaming methods rely on online generation and black-box output analysis. These approaches are not only costly but also suffer from feedback…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Zheyu Lin , Jirui Yang , Yukui Qiu , Hengqi Guo , Yubing Bao , Yao Guan

Analyzing medical data to find abnormalities is a time-consuming and costly task, particularly for rare abnormalities, requiring tremendous efforts from medical experts. Artificial intelligence has become a popular tool for the automatic…

The increasing deployment of large language models (LLMs) in safety-critical applications raises fundamental challenges in systematically evaluating robustness against adversarial behaviors. Existing red-teaming practices are largely manual…

Ensuring the safety of Autonomous Driving Systems (ADS) requires realistic and reproducible test scenarios, yet extracting such scenarios from multimodal crash reports remains a major challenge. Large Language Models (LLMs) often…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Siwei Luo , Yang Zhang , Yao Deng , Linfeng Liang , Xi Zheng

Ontologies have supported knowledge representation and white-box reasoning for decades; thus, the automated ontology generation (AOG) plays a crucial role in scaling their use. Software engineering standards (SES) consist of long,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Songhui Yue

In recent years, predicting driver's focus of attention has been a very active area of research in the autonomous driving community. Unfortunately, existing state-of-the-art techniques achieve this by relying only on human gaze information,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-02 Anwesan Pal , Sayan Mondal , Henrik I. Christensen

Searchable Symmetric Encryption (SSE) enables efficient search capabilities over encrypted data, allowing users to maintain privacy while utilizing cloud storage. However, SSE schemes are vulnerable to leakage attacks that exploit access…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Joshua Chiu , Partha Protim Paul , Zahin Wahab

Large language models (LLMs) have exhibited great potential in mathematical reasoning. However, there remains a performance gap in this area between existing open-source models and closed-source models such as GPT-4. In this paper, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Zimu Lu , Aojun Zhou , Houxing Ren , Ke Wang , Weikang Shi , Junting Pan , Mingjie Zhan , Hongsheng Li