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In this paper we present an FPGA-based implementation of linear programming (LP) decoding. LP decoding frames error correction as an optimization problem. This is in contrast to variants of belief propagation (BP) decoding that view error…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-05-23 Mitchell Wasson , Mario Milicevic , Stark C. Draper , Glenn Gulak

Coded elastic computing, introduced by Yang et al. in 2018, is a technique designed to mitigate the impact of elasticity in cloud computing systems, where machines can be preempted or be added during computing rounds. This approach utilizes…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Xi Zhong , Samuel Lu , Joerg Kliewer , Mingyue Ji

To drive progress in science and engineering, large language models (LLMs) must be able to process large amounts of numerical data and solve long calculations efficiently. This is currently only possible through the use of external tools or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Linus Kreitner , Paul Hager , Jonathan Mengedoht , Georgios Kaissis , Daniel Rueckert , Martin J. Menten

Fault-tolerant quantum computing requires classical hardware to perform the decoding necessary for error correction. The Union-Find decoder is one of the best candidates for this. It has remarkably organic characteristics, involving the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-15 Tim Chan , Simon C. Benjamin

Numerical simulations have become an essential design tool in the field of photonics, especially for nanophotonics. In particular, 3D finite-difference-time-domain (FDTD) simulations are popular for their powerful design capabilities.…

Optics · Physics 2023-03-31 Michael Efseaff , Kyle Wynne , Krishna Narayan , Mark C. Harrison

Lookup tables (LUTs) have recently gained attention as an alternative compute mechanism that maps input operands to precomputed results, eliminating the need for arithmetic logic. LUTs not only reduce logic complexity, but also naturally…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Junguk Hong , Changmin Shin , Sukjin Kim , Si Ung Noh , Taehee Kwon , Seongyeon Park , Hanjun Kim , Youngsok Kim , Jinho Lee

Color code is a promising topological code for fault-tolerant quantum computing. Insufficient research on the color code has delayed its practical application. In this work, we address several key issues to facilitate practical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-04 Jiaxuan Zhang , Yu-Chun Wu , Guo-Ping Guo

The autoregressive decoding in LLMs is the major inference bottleneck due to the memory-intensive operations and limited hardware bandwidth. 3D-stacked architecture is a promising solution with significantly improved memory bandwidth, which…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Siyuan He , Peiran Yan , Yandong He , Youwei Zhuo , Tianyu Jia

Nowadays polar codes are becoming one of the most favorable capacity achieving error correction codes for their low encoding and decoding complexity. However, due to the large code length required by practical applications, the few existing…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2011-11-04 Chuan Zhang , Bo Yuan , Keshab K. Parhi

Ternary weight quantization (e.g., BitNet b1.58) offers a promising path to mitigate the memory bandwidth bottleneck in Large Language Model (LLM) inference. However, conventional compute platforms lack native support for ternary-weight…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Robin Geens , Joran Heldens , Joren Dumoulin , Marian Verhelst

Scaling up quantum computers to attain substantial speedups over classical computing requires fault tolerance. Conventionally, protocols for fault-tolerant quantum computation demand excessive space overheads by using many physical qubits…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-29 Hayata Yamasaki , Masato Koashi

In recent years, squeezed cat codes with resilience to specific types of loss have been proposed as a step toward realizing fault-tolerant optical quantum computers. However, error correction for squeezed cat codes requires a strong…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-20 Shohei Kiryu , Kosuke Fukui , Atsushi Okamoto , Akihisa Tomita

An implementation-efficient finite alphabet decoder for polar codes relying on coarsely quantized messages and low-complexity operations is proposed. Typically, finite alphabet decoding performs concatenated compression operations on the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Philipp Mohr , Syed Aizaz Ali Shah , Gerhard Bauch

Current and near-term quantum hardware is constrained by limited qubit counts, circuit depth, and the high cost of repeated measurements. We address these challenges for solid state Hamiltonians by introducing a logarithmic-qubit encoding…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-13 Martin Plesch , Martin Friák , Ijaz Ahamed Mohammad

Reversible logic has applications in low-power computing and quantum computing. However, there are few existing designs for reversible floating-point adders and none suitable for quantum computation. In this paper we propose a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-06-18 Trung Duc Nguyen , Rodney Van Meter

This paper presents our low-latency Polar code encoders and decoders developed for the 2025 International Symposium on Topics in Coding (ISTC 2025) contest, which challenges participants to implement the fastest possible channel code…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Mathieu Leonardon , Mohammed El Houcine Ayoubi , Adrien Cassagne , Romain Tajan , Camille Leroux

Traditional Deep Neural Network (DNN) quantization methods using integer, fixed-point, or floating-point data types struggle to capture diverse DNN parameter distributions at low precision, and often require large silicon overhead and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Akshat Ramachandran , Zishen Wan , Geonhwa Jeong , John Gustafson , Tushar Krishna

As the parameter size of large language models (LLMs) continues to expand, the need for a large memory footprint and high communication bandwidth have become significant bottlenecks for the training and inference of LLMs. To mitigate these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Ceyu Xu , Yongji Wu , Xinyu Yang , Beidi Chen , Matthew Lentz , Danyang Zhuo , Lisa Wu Wills

We consider an approach to fault tolerant quantum computing based on a simple error detecting code operating as the substrate for a conventional surface code. We develop a customised decoder to process the information about the likely…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-12-11 Xiaosi Xu , Qi Zhao , Xiao Yuan , Simon C. Benjamin

Source code is usually formatted with elements like indentation and newlines to improve readability for human developers. However, these visual aids do not seem to be beneficial for large language models (LLMs) in the same way since the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Dangfeng Pan , Zhensu Sun , Cenyuan Zhang , David Lo , Xiaoning Du