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Virtual scenario-based testing methods to validate autonomous driving systems are predominantly centred around collision avoidance, and lack a comprehensive approach to evaluate optimal driving behaviour holistically. Furthermore, current…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Kethan Reddy , Elias Nassif , Panagiotis Angeloudis , Mohammed Quddus , Washington Ochieng

The validation of highly automated, perception-based driving systems must ensure that they function correctly under the full range of real-world conditions. Scenario-based testing is a prominent approach to addressing this challenge, as it…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Steffen Schäfer , Martin Cichon

An open question in autonomous driving is how best to use simulation to validate the safety of autonomous vehicles. Existing techniques rely on simulated rollouts, which can be inefficient for finding rare failure events, while other…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-06-29 Anthony Corso , Ritchie Lee , Mykel J. Kochenderfer

Verification and validation are major challenges for developing automated driving systems. A concept that gets more and more recognized for testing in automated driving is scenario-based testing. However, it introduces the problem of what…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-05-18 Barbara Schütt , Marc Heinrich , Sonja Marahrens , J. Marius Zöllner , Eric Sax

A typical scenario-based evaluation framework seeks to characterize a black-box system's safety performance (e.g., failure rate) through repeatedly sampling initialization configurations (scenario sampling) and executing a certain test…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-11-16 Bowen Weng , Linda Capito , Umit Ozguner , Keith Redmill

Cybersecurity testing of automotive systems has become a practical necessity, with the wide adoption of advanced driving assistance functions and vehicular communications. These functionalities require the integration of information and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Stefan Marksteiner , Slava Bronfman , Markus Wolf , Eddie Lazebnik

One of the major impediments in deployment of Autonomous Driving Systems (ADS) is their safety and reliability. The primary reason for the complexity of testing ADS is that it operates in an open world characterized by its…

While there was great progress regarding the technology and its implementation for vehicles equipped with automated driving systems (ADS), the problem of how to proof their safety as a necessary precondition prior to market launch remains…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-09-09 Nico Weber , Christoph Thiem , Ulrich Konigorski

Autonomous systems are becoming increasingly prevalent in new vehicles. Due to their environmental friendliness and their remarkable capability to significantly enhance road safety, these vehicles have gained widespread recognition and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Reem Alhabib , Poonam Yadav

Scenario-based testing is a promising method to develop, verify and validate automated driving systems (ADS) since pure on-road testing seems inefficient for complex traffic environments. A major challenge for this approach is the provision…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-22 Michael Schuldes , Christoph Glasmacher , Lutz Eckstein

Automated Vehicles (AVs) are rapidly maturing in the transportation domain. However, the complexity of the AV design problem is such that no single technique is sufficient to provide adequate validation of key properties such as safety,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-08-11 Maike Schwammberger , Christopher Harper , Gleifer Vaz Alves , Greg Chance , Tony Pipe , Kerstin Eder

Ensuring the functional correctness and safety of autonomous vehicles is a major challenge for the automotive industry. However, exhaustive physical test drives are not feasible, as billions of driven kilometers would be required to obtain…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-02-09 Barbara Schuett , Thilo Braun , Stefan Otten , Eric Sax

As a part of the digital transformation, we interact with more and more intelligent gadgets. Today, these gadgets are often mobile devices, but in the advent of smart cities, more and more infrastructure---such as traffic and buildings---in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-12-17 Francesco Concas , Jukka K. Nurminen , Tommi Mikkonen , Sasu Tarkoma

Modern AI technologies enable autonomous vehicles to perceive complex scenes, predict human behavior, and make real-time driving decisions. However, these data-driven components often operate as black boxes, lacking interpretability and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Oumaima Barhoumi , Mohamed H Zaki , Sofiène Tahar

Automated Driving Systems (ADSs) have the potential to make mobility services available and safe for all. A multi-pillar Safety Assessment Framework (SAF) has been proposed for the type-approval process of ADSs. The SAF requires that the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Erwin de Gelder , Maren Buermann , Olaf Op den Camp

Scenario-based testing for automated driving systems (ADS) must be able to simulate traffic scenarios that rely on interactions with other vehicles. Although many languages for high-level scenario modelling have been proposed, they lack the…

As industrial autonomous ground vehicles are increasingly deployed in safety-critical environments, ensuring their safe operation under diverse conditions is paramount. This paper presents a novel approach for their safety verification…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Nawshin Mannan Proma , Gricel Vázquez , Sepeedeh Shahbeigi , Arjun Badyal , Victoria Hodge

Autonomous Driving Systems (ADS) use complex decision-making (DM) models with multimodal sensory inputs, making rigorous validation and verification (V&V) essential for safety and reliability. These models pose challenges in diagnosing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Halit Eris , Stefan Wagner

Modern-day autonomous vehicles are increasingly becoming complex multidisciplinary systems composed of mechanical, electrical, electronic, computing and information sub-systems. Furthermore, the individual constituent technologies employed…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Chinmay Vilas Samak , Tanmay Vilas Samak , Venkat Krovi

The safety of automated driving systems must be justified by convincing arguments and supported by compelling evidence to persuade certification agencies, regulatory entities, and the general public to allow the systems on public roads.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Jonas Krook , Yuvaraj Selvaraj , Wolfgang Ahrendt , Martin Fabian