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Representation learning has emerged as a powerful paradigm for extracting valuable latent features from complex, high-dimensional data. In financial domains, learning informative representations for assets can be used for tasks like sector…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Rian Dolphin , Barry Smyth , Ruihai Dong

Neural networks have revolutionized many empirical fields, yet their application to financial time series forecasting remains controversial. In this study, we demonstrate that the conventional practice of estimating models locally in…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-02-21 Chen Liu , Minh-Ngoc Tran , Chao Wang , Richard Gerlach , Robert Kohn

Forecasting with multivariate time series, which aims to predict future values given previous and current several univariate time series data, has been studied for decades, with one example being ARIMA. Because it is difficult to measure…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-10-19 Youngjin Park , Deokjun Eom , Byoungki Seo , Jaesik Choi

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance across various tasks, with different models excelling in distinct domains and specific abilities. Effectively combining the predictions of multiple LLMs is crucial for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Jizhou Guo

Large language models are versatile tools but are not suitable for small inference budgets. Small models have more efficient inference, but their lower capacity means that their performance can be good only if one limits their scope to a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-01 David Grangier , Angelos Katharopoulos , Pierre Ablin , Awni Hannun

Recently, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated powerful capabilities in performing various tasks and thus are applied by recent studies to time series forecasting (TSF) tasks, which predict future values with the given historical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Chen Su , Yuanhe Tian , Qinyu Liu , Jun Zhang , Yan Song

Continuous-time series is essential for different modern application areas, e.g. healthcare, automobile, energy, finance, Internet of things (IoT) and other related areas. Different application needs to process as well as analyse a massive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Mansura Habiba , Barak A. Pearlmutter , Mehrdad Maleki

Most time series foundation models are pretrained by directly predicting future observations, which often yields weakly structured latent representations that capture surface noise rather than coherent and predictable temporal dynamics. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Xinxing Zhou , Qingren Yao , Yiji Zhao , Chenghao Liu , Flora Salim , Xiaojie Yuan , Yanlong Wen , Ming Jin

Financial time series forecasting is, without a doubt, the top choice of computational intelligence for finance researchers from both academia and financial industry due to its broad implementation areas and substantial impact. Machine…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-02 Omer Berat Sezer , Mehmet Ugur Gudelek , Ahmet Murat Ozbayoglu

Time-series analysis plays a pivotal role across a range of critical applications, from finance to healthcare, which involves various tasks, such as forecasting and classification. To handle the inherent complexities of time-series data,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-20 Jiawei Li , Jingshu Peng , Haoyang Li , Lei Chen

As global demand for multilingual large language models (LLMs) grows, most LLMs still remain overly focused on English, leading to the limited access to advanced AI for non-English speakers. Current methods to enhance multilingual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Weixiang Zhao , Yulin Hu , Jiahe Guo , Xingyu Sui , Tongtong Wu , Yang Deng , Yanyan Zhao , Bing Qin , Wanxiang Che , Ting Liu

In this work we propose for the first time a transformer-based framework for unsupervised representation learning of multivariate time series. Pre-trained models can be potentially used for downstream tasks such as regression and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-10 George Zerveas , Srideepika Jayaraman , Dhaval Patel , Anuradha Bhamidipaty , Carsten Eickhoff

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have unlocked novel opportunities for machine learning applications in the financial domain. These models have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in understanding context, processing vast…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2024-06-19 Yuqi Nie , Yaxuan Kong , Xiaowen Dong , John M. Mulvey , H. Vincent Poor , Qingsong Wen , Stefan Zohren

Our goal is to enable machine learning systems to be trained interactively. This requires models that perform well and train quickly, without large amounts of hand-labeled data. We take a step forward in this direction by borrowing from…

Time series forecasting plays a significant role in finance, energy, meteorology, and IoT applications. Recent studies have leveraged the generalization capabilities of large language models (LLMs) to adapt to time series forecasting,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Hao Liu , Xiaoxing Zhang , Chun Yang , Xiaobin Zhu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have seen significant use in domains such as natural language processing and computer vision. Going beyond text, image and graphics, LLMs present a significant potential for analysis of time series data,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Xiyuan Zhang , Ranak Roy Chowdhury , Rajesh K. Gupta , Jingbo Shang

The recent rapid progress in pre-training Large Language Models has relied on using self-supervised language modeling objectives like next token prediction or span corruption. On the other hand, Machine Translation Systems are mostly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-22 Andrea Schioppa , Xavier Garcia , Orhan Firat

Although the pre-training followed by fine-tuning paradigm is used extensively in many fields, there is still some controversy surrounding the impact of pre-training on the fine-tuning process. Currently, experimental findings based on text…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Jiashu Pu , Shiwei Zhao , Ling Cheng , Yongzhu Chang , Runze Wu , Tangjie Lv , Rongsheng Zhang

Text and time series data offer complementary views of financial markets: news articles provide narrative context about company events, while stock prices reflect how markets react to those events. However, despite their complementary…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Ross Koval , Nicholas Andrews , Xifeng Yan

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated that large-scale pretraining enables systems to adapt rapidly to new problems with little supervision in the language domain. This success, however, has not translated as effectively to the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Pablo Acuaviva , Aram Davtyan , Mariam Hassan , Sebastian Stapf , Ahmad Rahimi , Alexandre Alahi , Paolo Favaro