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Multilingual translation suffers from computational redundancy, especially when translating into multiple languages simultaneously. In addition, translation quality can suffer for low-resource languages. To address this, we introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Yiwen Guan , Jacob Whitehill

Handwritten Mathematical Expression Recognition (HMER) is a challenging task with many educational applications. Recent methods for HMER have been developed for complex mathematical expressions in standard horizontal format. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-14 Daniel Rosa , Filipe R. Cordeiro , Ruan Carvalho , Everton Souza , Sergio Chevtchenko , Luiz Rodrigues , Marcelo Marinho , Thales Vieira , Valmir Macario

Recent advances in Neural Machine Translation (NMT) show that adding syntactic information to NMT systems can improve the quality of their translations. Most existing work utilizes some specific types of linguistically-inspired tree…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-29 Xinyi Wang , Hieu Pham , Pengcheng Yin , Graham Neubig

We introduce a self-supervised speech pre-training method called TERA, which stands for Transformer Encoder Representations from Alteration. Recent approaches often learn by using a single auxiliary task like contrastive prediction,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-08-05 Andy T. Liu , Shang-Wen Li , Hung-yi Lee

How can we effectively find the best structures in tree models? Tree models have been favored over complex black box models in domains where interpretability is crucial for making irreversible decisions. However, searching for a tree…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-23 Jaemin Yoo , Lee Sael

Understanding tables is an important aspect of natural language understanding. Existing models for table understanding require linearization of the table structure, where row or column order is encoded as an unwanted bias. Such spurious…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-04 Jingfeng Yang , Aditya Gupta , Shyam Upadhyay , Luheng He , Rahul Goel , Shachi Paul

In this paper, we present a novel approach to Handwritten Mathematical Expression Recognition (HMER) by leveraging graph-based modeling techniques. We introduce an End-to-end model with an Edge-weighted Graph Attention Mechanism (EGAT),…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Yejing Xie , Richard Zanibbi , Harold Mouchère

Handwritten mathematical expression recognition is a challenging problem due to the complicated two-dimensional structures, ambiguous handwriting input and variant scales of handwritten math symbols. To settle this problem, we utilize the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-02-01 Jianshu Zhang , Jun Du , Lirong Dai

We present a semantic parser for Abstract Meaning Representations which learns to parse strings into tree representations of the compositional structure of an AMR graph. This allows us to use standard neural techniques for supertagging and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-10 Jonas Groschwitz , Matthias Lindemann , Meaghan Fowlie , Mark Johnson , Alexander Koller

The attention mechanisms are playing a boosting role in advancements in sequence-to-sequence problems. Transformer architecture achieved new state of the art results in machine translation, and it's variants are since being introduced in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-12 Abhishek Niranjan , M Ali Basha Shaik , Kushal Verma

The task of recognising Handwritten Mathematical Expressions (HMER) is crucial in the fields of digital education and scholarly research. However, it is difficult to accurately determine the length and complex spatial relationships among…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-30 Aniket Pal , Krishna Pratap Singh

We introduce TASER (Translation Assessment via Systematic Evaluation and Reasoning), a metric that uses Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) for automated translation quality assessment. TASER harnesses the explicit reasoning capabilities of LRMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Monishwaran Maheswaran , Marco Carini , Christian Federmann , Tony Diaz

This paper proposes a method for recognizing online handwritten mathematical expressions (OnHME) by building a symbol relation tree (SRT) directly from a sequence of strokes. A bidirectional recurrent neural network learns from multiple…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-14 Thanh-Nghia Truong , Hung Tuan Nguyen , Cuong Tuan Nguyen , Masaki Nakagawa

The advent of recurrent neural networks for handwriting recognition marked an important milestone reaching impressive recognition accuracies despite the great variability that we observe across different writing styles. Sequential…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-05-28 Lei Kang , Pau Riba , Marçal Rusiñol , Alicia Fornés , Mauricio Villegas

The addition of syntax-aware decoding in Neural Machine Translation (NMT) systems requires an effective tree-structured neural network, a syntax-aware attention model and a language generation model that is sensitive to sentence structure.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-09-07 Jetic Gū , Hassan S. Shavarani , Anoop Sarkar

PaECTER is an open-source document-level encoder specific for patents. We fine-tune BERT for Patents with examiner-added citation information to generate numerical representations for patent documents. PaECTER performs better in similarity…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Mainak Ghosh , Michael E. Rose , Sebastian Erhardt , Erik Buunk , Dietmar Harhoff

Human language is known to exhibit a nested, hierarchical structure, allowing us to form complex sentences out of smaller pieces. However, many state-of-the-art neural networks models such as Transformers have no explicit hierarchical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-12 Nilay Patel , Jeffrey Flanigan

In this paper, we study semi-supervised Handwritten Mathematical Expression Recognition (HMER) via exploring both labeled data and extra unlabeled data. We propose a novel consistency regularization framework, termed SemiHMER, which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Kehua Chen , Haoyang Shen

Recent progress on parse tree encoder for sentence representation learning is notable. However, these works mainly encode tree structures recursively, which is not conducive to parallelization. On the other hand, these works rarely take…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-10 Junhua Ma , Jiajun Li , Yuxuan Liu , Shangbo Zhou , Xue Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used as autonomous agents for multi-step tasks. However, most existing frameworks fail to maintain a structured understanding of the task state, often relying on linear prompt concatenation or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Ye Ye