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We show that every proper minor-closed class of graphs admits a $(1+o(1))\log_2 n$-bit adjacency labelling scheme. Equivalently, for every proper minor-closed class $\mathcal{G}$ and every positive integer $n$ there exists an…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Vida Dujmović , Cyril Gavoille , Gwenaël Joret , Piotr Micek , Pat Morin , David R. Wood

A digraph $D$ is $k$-linked if for every $2k$ distinct vertices $ x_1,\ldots , x_k, y_1, \ldots , y_k$ in $D$, there exist $k$ pairwise vertex-disjoint paths $P_1,\ldots, P_k$ such that $P_i$ starts at $x_i$ and ends at $y_i$ for each $i\in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-07-31 Jia Zhou , Jin Yan

For every $r \in \mathbb{N}$, let $\theta_r$ denote the graph with two vertices and $r$ parallel edges. The $\theta_r$-girth of a graph $G$ is the minimum number of edges of a subgraph of $G$ that can be contracted to $\theta_r$. This…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-01-19 Dimitris Chatzidimitriou , Jean-Florent Raymond , Ignasi Sau , Dimitrios M. Thilikos

We show that for every positive integer $k$, any tournament with minimum out-degree at least $(2+o(1))k^2$ contains a subdivision of the complete directed graph on $k$ vertices, which is best possible up to a factor of $8$. This may be…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-08-13 António Girão , Kamil Popielarz , Richard Snyder

We use an algebraic method to prove a degree version of the celebrated Erd\H os-Ko-Rado theorem: given $n>2k$, every intersecting $k$-uniform hypergraph $H$ on $n$ vertices contains a vertex that lies on at most $\binom{n-2}{k-2}$ edges.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-05-25 Hao Huang , Yi Zhao

We show that if $G$ is a graph on $n$ vertices, with all degrees comparable to some $d = d(n)$, and without a sparse cut, for a suitably chosen notion of sparseness, then it contains a complete minor of order \[ \Omega\left( \sqrt{\frac{n…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-04-01 Michael Krivelevich , Rajko Nenadov

A graph $G$ of order $n$ is said to be $k$-factor-critical for integers $1\leq k < n$, if the removal of any $k$ vertices results in a graph with a perfect matching. $1$- and $2$-factor-critical graphs are the well-known factor-critical and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-07-08 Jing Guo , Heping Zhang

We prove that every graph $G$ for which $\omega(G) \geq 3/4(\Delta(G) + 1)$, has an independent set $I$ such that $\omega(G - I) < \omega(G)$. It follows that a minimum counterexample $G$ to Reed's conjecture satisfies $\omega(G) <…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2010-03-16 Landon Rabern

The \textit{minimum positive co-degree} of a non-empty $r$-graph $H$, denoted $\delta_{r-1}^+(H)$, is the largest integer $k$ such that if a set $S \subset V(H)$ of size $r-1$ is contained in at least one $r$-edge of $H$, then $S$ is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-09-17 Anastasia Halfpap , Van Magnan

A $k$-geodetic digraph with minimum out-degree $d$ has excess $\epsilon $ if it has order $M(d,k) + \epsilon $, where $M(d,k)$ represents the Moore bound for out-degree $d$ and diameter $k$. For given $\epsilon $, it is simple to show that…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-02-04 James Tuite

Let G be a simple balanced bipartite graph on $2n$ vertices, $\delta = \delta(G)/n$, and $\rho={\delta + \sqrt{2 \delta -1} \over 2}$. If $\delta > 1/2$ then it has a $\lfloor \rho n \rfloor$-regular spanning subgraph. The statement is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-10-13 Béla Csaba

An orientation $D$ of a graph $G=(V,E)$ is a digraph obtained from $G$ by replacing each edge by exactly one of the two possible arcs with the same end vertices. For each $v \in V(G)$, the indegree of $v$ in $D$, denoted by $d^-_D(v)$, is…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-12-01 Julio Araujo , Alexandre Cezar , Carlos V. G. C. Lima , Vinicius F. dos Santos , Ana Silva

We show that every 3-uniform hypergraph with $n$ vertices and minimum vertex degree at least $(5/9+o(1))\binom{n}2$ contains a tight Hamiltonian cycle. Known lower bound constructions show that this degree condition is asymptotically…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-06-13 Christian Reiher , Vojtěch Rödl , Andrzej Ruciński , Mathias Schacht , Endre Szemerédi

The celebrated result of Koml\'os, S\'ark\"ozy, and Szemer\'edi states that for any $\varepsilon>0$, there exists $0<c<1$, such that for all sufficiently large $n$, every $n$-vertex graph $G$ with $\delta(G)\geq(1/2+\varepsilon)n$ contains…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-10-21 Jun Yan

An oriented multigraph is a directed multigraph without directed 2-cycles. Let ${\rm fas}(D)$ denote the minimum size of a feedback arc set in an oriented multigraph $D$. The degree of a vertex is the sum of its out- and in-degrees. In…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-09-13 Gregory Gutin , Hui Lei , Anders Yeo , Yacong Zhou

Let H = (H,V) be a hypergraph with edge set H and vertex set V. Then hypergraph H is invertible iff there exists a permutation pi of V such that for all E belongs to H(edges) intersection of(pi(E) and E)=0. H is invertibility critical if H…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-09-06 Emanuel Knill

A directed graph is oriented if it can be obtained by orienting the edges of a simple, undirected graph. For an oriented graph $G$, let $\beta(G)$ denote the size of a minimum feedback arc set, a smallest subset of edges whose deletion…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-04-20 Jacob Fox , Zoe Himwich , Nitya Mani

Let $G$ be a graph on $n$ vertices and $(H,+)$ be an abelian group. What is the minimum size ${\sf S}_H(G)$ of the set of all sums $A(u)+A(v)$ over all injections $A:V(G)\to H$? In 2012, the first author, Angel, the second author, and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-08-04 Noga Alon , Itai Benjamini , Georgii Zakharov , Maksim Zhukovskii

Mader [J. Graph Theory 65 (2010) 61-69] conjectured that for every positive integer $k$ and every finite tree $T$ with order $m$, every $k$-connected, finite graph $G$ with $\delta(G)\geq \lfloor\frac{3}{2}k\rfloor+m-1$ contains a subtree…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-10-10 Yingzhi Tian , Hong-Jian Lai , Liqiong Xu , Jixiang Meng

For a directed graph $G$, let $\mathrm{mindeg}(G)$ be the minimum among in-degrees and out-degrees of all vertices of $G$. It is easy to see that $G$ contains a directed cycle of length at least $\mathrm{mindeg}(G)+1$. In this note, we show…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Jadwiga Czyżewska , Marcin Pilipczuk