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This paper studies the case of possibly high-dimensional covariates in the regression discontinuity design (RDD) analysis. In particular, we propose estimation and inference methods for the RDD models with covariate selection which perform…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-01-21 Yoichi Arai , Taisuke Otsu , Myung Hwan Seo

We study regression discontinuity designs in which many predetermined covariates, possibly much more than the number of observations, can be used to increase the precision of treatment effect estimates. We consider a two-step estimator…

Econometrics · Economics 2022-05-06 Alexander Kreiß , Christoph Rothe

Regression discontinuity design (RDD) is widely adopted for causal inference under intervention determined by a continuous variable. While one is interested in treatment effect heterogeneity by subgroups in many applications, RDD typically…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-11-11 Shonosuke Sugasawa , Takuya Ishihara , Daisuke Kurisu

Regression discontinuity (RD) designs with multiple running variables arise in a growing number of empirical applications, including geographic boundaries and multi-score assignment rules. Although recent methodological work has extended…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-02-04 Artem Samiahulin

Identification in a regression discontinuity (RD) research design hinges on the discontinuity in the probability of treatment when a covariate (assignment variable) exceeds a known threshold. When the assignment variable is measured with…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-09-07 Zhuan Pei , Yi Shen

We study a multivariate regression discontinuity design in which treatment is assigned by crossing a boundary in the space of multiple running variables. We document that the existing bandwidth selector is suboptimal for a multivariate…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-01-26 Masayuki Sawada , Takuya Ishihara , Daisuke Kurisu , Yasumasa Matsuda

This article provides an introduction to the Regression Discontinuity (RD) design, and its application to empirical research in the medical sciences. While the main focus of this article is on causal interpretation, key concepts of…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-08-07 Matias D. Cattaneo , Rocio Titiunik

Quasi-experimental evaluations are central for generating real-world causal evidence and complementing insights from randomized trials. The regression discontinuity design (RDD) is a quasi-experimental design that can be used to estimate…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-07 Maximilian Schuessler , Erik Sverdrup , Robert Tibshirani , Stefan Wager

Numerous empirical studies employ regression discontinuity designs with multiple cutoffs and heterogeneous treatments. A common practice is to normalize all the cutoffs to zero and estimate one effect. This procedure identifies the average…

Econometrics · Economics 2021-01-06 Marinho Bertanha

The external validity of regression discontinuity designs is crucial for informing policy but is rarely examined in applied work. To advance empirical practice, we propose a joint inference procedure for the treatment effect and its local…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-02-17 Yuta Okamoto

For non-randomized studies, the regression discontinuity design (RDD) can be used to identify and estimate causal effects from a "locally-randomized" subgroup of subjects, under relatively mild conditions. However, current models focus…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-02-12 George Karabatsos , Stephen G. Walker

Regression discontinuity (RD) analysis with latent variables as introduced by Morell et al. (2025), offers a useful augmentation of the conventional RD by incorporating measurement model. This approach is particularly relevant in education…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-07 Monica Morell , Youngjin Han , Muwon Kwon , Youjin Sung , Yang Liu , Ji Seung Yang

The increasing popularity of regression discontinuity methods for causal inference in observational studies has led to a proliferation of different estimating strategies, most of which involve first fitting non-parametric regression models…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-06-11 Guido Imbens , Stefan Wager

Regression discontinuity designs are frequently used to estimate the causal effect of election outcomes and policy interventions. In these contexts, treatment effects are typically estimated with covariates included to improve efficiency.…

Applications · Statistics 2020-05-06 L. Jason Anastasopoulos

The paper proposes a causal supervised machine learning algorithm to uncover treatment effect heterogeneity in sharp and fuzzy regression discontinuity (RD) designs. We develop a criterion for building an honest ``regression discontinuity…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-09-01 Ágoston Reguly

We introduce the \texttt{Stata} (and \texttt{R}) package \texttt{rdmulti}, which includes three commands (\texttt{rdmc}, \texttt{rdmcplot}, \texttt{rdms}) for analyzing Regression Discontinuity (RD) designs with multiple cutoffs or multiple…

Computation · Statistics 2020-04-28 Matias D. Cattaneo , Rocio Titiunik , Gonzalo Vazquez-Bare

This paper provides a formal econometric framework behind the newly developed difference-in-discontinuities design (DiDC). Despite its increasing use in applied research, there are currently limited studies of its properties. We formalize…

Econometrics · Economics 2026-01-28 Pedro Picchetti , Cristine C. X. Pinto , Stephanie T. Shinoki

Many policies hinge on a continuous variable exceeding a threshold, prompting strategic behavior by agents to stay on the favorable side. This creates density discontinuities at cutoffs, evident in contexts like taxable income, corporate…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-09 Surya T Tokdar , Rik Sen , Haoliang Zheng , Shuangjie Zhang

This paper explores the use of a fuzzy regression discontinuity design where multiple treatments are applied at the threshold. The identification results show that, under the very strong assumption that the change in the probability of…

Econometrics · Economics 2021-04-20 Hector Galindo-Silva , Nibene Habib Some , Guy Tchuente

We consider inference in regression discontinuity designs when the running variable only takes a moderate number of distinct values. In particular, we study the common practice of using confidence intervals (CIs) based on standard errors…

Applications · Statistics 2018-07-26 Michal Kolesár , Christoph Rothe