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As the scaling of Large Language Models (LLMs) has dramatically enhanced their capabilities, there has been a growing focus on the alignment problem to ensure their responsible and ethical use. While existing alignment efforts predominantly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Yuhang Wang , Yanxu Zhu , Chao Kong , Shuyu Wei , Xiaoyuan Yi , Xing Xie , Jitao Sang

Translating culture-related content is vital for effective cross-cultural communication. However, many culture-specific items (CSIs) often lack viable translations across languages, making it challenging to collect high-quality, diverse…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Binwei Yao , Ming Jiang , Tara Bobinac , Diyi Yang , Junjie Hu

Cultural values vary significantly around the world. Despite a large heterogeneity, similarities across national cultures are present. This paper studies cross-country culture heterogeneity via the joint inference of country-specific copula…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-12-22 Veronica Vinciotti , Luca De Benedictis , Ernst C. Wit

In a highly globalized world, it is important for multi-modal large language models (MLLMs) to recognize and respond correctly to mixed-cultural inputs. For example, a model should correctly identify kimchi (Korean food) in an image both…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Jun Seong Kim , Kyaw Ye Thu , Javad Ismayilzada , Junyeong Park , Eunsu Kim , Huzama Ahmad , Na Min An , James Thorne , Alice Oh

This paper identifies a cultural dominance issue within large language models (LLMs) due to the predominant use of English data in model training (e.g., ChatGPT). LLMs often provide inappropriate English-culture-related answers that are not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-19 Wenxuan Wang , Wenxiang Jiao , Jingyuan Huang , Ruyi Dai , Jen-tse Huang , Zhaopeng Tu , Michael R. Lyu

Large language models (LLMs) have become increasingly pivotal in various domains due the recent advancements in their performance capabilities. However, concerns persist regarding biases in LLMs, including gender, racial, and cultural…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Mijntje Meijer , Hadi Mohammadi , Ayoub Bagheri

As Vision-Language Models (VLMs) achieve widespread deployment across diverse cultural contexts, ensuring their cultural competence becomes critical for responsible AI systems. While prior work has evaluated cultural awareness in text-only…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Arka Mukherjee , Shreya Ghosh

As LLMs are increasingly deployed in global applications, the importance of cultural sensitivity becomes paramount, ensuring that users from diverse backgrounds feel respected and understood. Cultural harm can arise when these models fail…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-27 Somnath Banerjee , Sayan Layek , Hari Shrawgi , Rajarshi Mandal , Avik Halder , Shanu Kumar , Sagnik Basu , Parag Agrawal , Rima Hazra , Animesh Mukherjee

Existing benchmarks that measure cultural adaptation in LLMs are misaligned with the actual challenges these models face when interacting with users from diverse cultural backgrounds. In this work, we introduce the first framework and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Shreya Havaldar , Sunny Rai , Young-Min Cho , Lyle Ungar

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across various tasks, yet they often exhibit a specific cultural biases, neglecting the values and linguistic diversity of low-resource regions. This cultural bias not…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Ruixiang Feng , Shen Gao , Xiuying Chen , Lisi Chen , Shuo Shang

Recent studies have highlighted the presence of cultural biases in Large Language Models (LLMs), yet often lack a robust methodology to dissect these phenomena comprehensively. Our work aims to bridge this gap by delving into the Food…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Li Zhou , Taelin Karidi , Wanlong Liu , Nicolas Garneau , Yong Cao , Wenyu Chen , Haizhou Li , Daniel Hershcovich

Despite recent advancements in vision-language models, their performance remains suboptimal on images from non-western cultures due to underrepresentation in training datasets. Various benchmarks have been proposed to test models' cultural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Mehar Bhatia , Sahithya Ravi , Aditya Chinchure , Eunjeong Hwang , Vered Shwartz

Large language models (LLMs) have the potential of being useful tools that can automate tasks and assist humans. However, these models are more fluent in English and more aligned with Western cultures, norms, and values. Arabic-specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Amr Keleg

As the utilization of large language models (LLMs) has proliferated world-wide, it is crucial for them to have adequate knowledge and fair representation for diverse global cultures. In this work, we uncover culture perceptions of three…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Huihan Li , Liwei Jiang , Jena D. Hwang , Hyunwoo Kim , Sebastin Santy , Taylor Sorensen , Bill Yuchen Lin , Nouha Dziri , Xiang Ren , Yejin Choi

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed to users around the world, they are integrated into everyday tasks across diverse cultural contexts, from drafting personal communications to brainstorming creative ideas. These…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Jiho Jin , Junho Myung , Juhyun Oh , Junyeong Park , Rifki Afina Putri , Sunipa Dev , Vinodkumar Prabhakaran , Alice Oh

Improving the alignment of Large Language Models (LLMs) with respect to the cultural values that they encode has become an increasingly important topic. In this work, we study whether we can exploit existing knowledge about cultural values…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Rochelle Choenni , Ekaterina Shutova

Large language models (LLMs) are deployed globally, yet their underlying cultural and ethical assumptions remain underexplored. We propose the notion of a "cultural gene" -- a systematic value orientation that LLMs inherit from their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Emanuel Z. Fenech-Borg , Tilen P. Meznaric-Kos , Milica D. Lekovic-Bojovic , Arni J. Hentze-Djurhuus

Cultural backgrounds shape individuals' perspectives and approaches to problem-solving. Since the emergence of GPT-1 in 2018, large language models (LLMs) have undergone rapid development. To date, the world's ten leading LLM developers are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Feiyan Liu , Siyan Zhao , Chenxun Zhuo , Tianming Liu , Bao Ge

Despite their global prevalence, many Large Language Models (LLMs) are aligned to a monolithic, often Western-centric set of values. This paper investigates the more challenging task of fine-grained value alignment: examining whether LLMs…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Bryan Chen Zhengyu Tan , Zhengyuan Liu , Xiaoyuan Yi , Jing Yao , Xing Xie , Nancy F. Chen , Roy Ka-Wei Lee

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown strong performance across many tasks, but their ability to capture culturally diverse moral values remains unclear. In this paper, we examine whether LLMs mirror variations in moral attitudes reported…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Hadi Mohammadi , Ayoub Bagheri