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Large-scale language models have achieved tremendous success across various natural language processing (NLP) applications. Nevertheless, language models are vulnerable to backdoor attacks, which inject stealthy triggers into models for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-02-09 Yujin Huang , Terry Yue Zhuo , Qiongkai Xu , Han Hu , Xingliang Yuan , Chunyang Chen

False Data Injection (FDI) attacks are a common form of Cyber-attack targetting smart grids. Detection of stealthy FDI attacks is impossible by the current bad data detection systems. Machine learning is one of the alternative methods…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-07-09 Jacob Sakhnini , Hadis Karimipour , Ali Dehghantanha

In this paper a novel approach to co-design controller and attack detector for nonlinear cyber-physical systems affected by false data injection (FDI) attack is proposed. We augment the model predictive controller with an additional…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-19 Mohammadreza Chamanbaz , Fabrizio Dabbene , Roland Bouffanais

Defenses against security threats have been an interest of recent studies. Recent works have shown that it is not difficult to attack a natural language processing (NLP) model while defending against them is still a cat-mouse game. Backdoor…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Sangeet Sagar , Abhinav Bhatt , Abhijith Srinivas Bidaralli

Modern urban railways extensively use computerized sensing and control technologies to achieve safe, reliable, and well-timed operations. However, the use of these technologies may provide a convenient leverage to cyber-attackers who have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-09-25 Subhash Lakshminarayana , Teo Zhan Teng , Rui Tan , David K. Y. Yau

Model extraction emerges as a critical security threat with attack vectors exploiting both algorithmic and implementation-based approaches. The main goal of an attacker is to steal as much information as possible about a protected victim…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-18 Kevin Hector , Pierre-Alain Moellic , Mathieu Dumont , Jean-Max Dutertre

Neural code models have been increasingly incorporated into software development processes. However, their susceptibility to backdoor attacks presents a significant security risk. The state-of-the-art understanding focuses on…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Junyao Ye , Zhen Li , Xi Tang , Shouhuai Xu , Deqing Zou , Zhongsheng Yuan

Deep learning models are increasingly used in mobile applications as critical components. Unlike the program bytecode whose vulnerabilities and threats have been widely-discussed, whether and how the deep learning models deployed in the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Yuanchun Li , Jiayi Hua , Haoyu Wang , Chunyang Chen , Yunxin Liu

While biological vision systems rely heavily on feedback connections to iteratively refine perception, most artificial neural networks remain purely feedforward, processing input in a single static pass. In this work, we propose a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-15 David Calhas , Arlindo L. Oliveira

With the advent of deep learning methods, Neural Machine Translation (NMT) systems have become increasingly powerful. However, deep learning based systems are susceptible to adversarial attacks, where imperceptible changes to the input can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Vyas Raina , Mark Gales

False data injection (FDI) cyber-attacks on power systems can be prevented by strategically selecting and protecting a sufficiently large measurement subset, which, however, requires adequate cyber-defense resources for measurement…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-15 Jiazuo Hou , Fei Teng , Wenqian Yin , Yue Song , Yunhe Hou

In this paper, we describe ongoing work that focuses on improving the strength of the answers to security questions. The ultimate goal of the proposed research is to evaluate the possibility of nudging users towards strong answers for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-01-13 Awanthika Senarath , Nalin Asanka Gamagedara Arachchilage , B. B. Gupta

Although Deep Neural Network (DNN) has led to unprecedented progress in various natural language processing (NLP) tasks, research shows that deep models are extremely vulnerable to backdoor attacks. The existing backdoor attacks mainly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-06-07 Xiaoyi Chen , Yinpeng Dong , Zeyu Sun , Shengfang Zhai , Qingni Shen , Zhonghai Wu

Deep neural networks have been applied in wireless communications system to intelligently adapt to dynamically changing channel conditions, while the users are still under the threat of the malicious attacks due to the broadcasting property…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Jianyuan Chen , Lin Zhang , Zuwei Chen , Yawen Chen , Hongcheng Zhuang

The security of AI-generated code remains a major obstacle to its widespread adoption. Although code generation models achieve strong performance on functional benchmarks, their outputs frequently contain bugs and security weaknesses that…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Ali Soltanian Fard Jahromi , Amjed Tahir , Peng Liang , Foutse Khomh

Several years of research have shown that machine-learning systems are vulnerable to adversarial examples, both in theory and in practice. Until now, such attacks have primarily targeted visual models, exploiting the gap between human and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-14 Nicholas Boucher , Ilia Shumailov , Ross Anderson , Nicolas Papernot

The transition to smart grids has increased the vulnerability of electrical power systems to advanced cyber threats. To safeguard these systems, comprehensive security measures-including preventive, detective, and reactive strategies-are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Omer Sen , Christoph Pohl , Immanuel Hacker , Markus Stroot , Andreas Ulbig

Generative AI systems are increasingly used not only to produce content but also to retrieve data, invoke tools, and execute actions. This work examines the security and safety implications of that shift across content-level, model-level,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Zelin Zhang , Qi Li , Jie Cao , Lingshuang Liu , Jianbing Ni

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have shown remarkable performance in various tasks. However, recent works reveal that GNNs are vulnerable to backdoor attacks. Generally, backdoor attack poisons the graph by attaching backdoor triggers and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-15 Zhiwei Zhang , Minhua Lin , Enyan Dai , Suhang Wang

Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) has emerged as a vital complementary approach that operates in the early phases of the cyber threat lifecycle. CTI involves collecting, processing, and analyzing threat data to provide a more accurate and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Samaneh Shafee , Alysson Bessani , Pedro M. Ferreira