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A data language is a set of finite words defined on an infinite alphabet. Data languages are used to express properties associated with data values (domain defined over a countably infinite set). In this paper, we introduce set augmented…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Ansuman Banerjee , Kingshuk Chatterjee , Shibashis Guha

History-deterministic automata are those in which nondeterministic choices can be correctly resolved stepwise: there is a strategy to select a continuation of a run given the next input letter so that if the overall input word admits some…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Soumyajit Paul , David Purser , Sven Schewe , Qiyi Tang , Patrick Totzke , Di-De Yen

Alternating timed automata (ATA) are an extension of timed automata, that are closed under complementation and hence amenable to logic-to-automata translations. Several timed logics, including Metric Temporal Logic (MTL), can be converted…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Patricia Bouyer , B Srivathsan , Vaishnavi Vishwanath

Motivated by the successful application of the theory of regular languages to formal verification of finite-state systems, there is a renewed interest in developing a theory of analyzable functions from strings to numerical values that can…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2012-02-23 Rajeev Alur , Loris D'Antoni , Jyotirmoy V. Deshmukh , Mukund Raghothaman , Yifei Yuan

We introduce and investigate forgetting 1-limited automata, which are single-tape Turing machines that, when visiting a cell for the first time, replace the input symbol in it by a fixed symbol, so forgetting the original contents. These…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Giovanni Pighizzini , Luca Prigioniero

We introduce layered automata, a subclass of alternating parity automata that generalises deterministic automata. Assuming a consistency property, these automata are history deterministic and 0-1 probabilistic. We show that every…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Antonio Casares , Christof Löding , Igor Walukiewicz

A data tree is an unranked ordered tree whose every node is labelled by a letter from a finite alphabet and an element ("datum") from an infinite set, where the latter can only be compared for equality. The article considers alternating…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2010-06-15 Marcin Jurdzinski , Ranko Lazic

We study alternating automata with qualitative semantics over infinite binary trees: alternation means that two opposing players construct a decoration of the input tree called a run, and the qualitative semantics says that a run of the…

Generalizations of numeration systems in which N is recognizable by a finite automaton are obtained by describing a lexicographically ordered infinite regular language L over a finite alphabet A. For these systems, we obtain a…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Michel Rigo

An automated resource analysis technique is introduced, targeting a Call-By-Push-Value abstract machine, with memory prediction as a practical goal. The machine has a polymorphic and linear type system enhanced with a first-order logical…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Hector Suzanne , Emmanuel Chailloux

In this paper we consider the class of lambda-nondeterministic linear automata as a model of the class of linear languages. As usual in other automata models, lambda-moves do not increase the acceptance power. The main contribution of this…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2016-12-01 Benjamín Bedregal

In recent years, reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a popular approach for solving sequence-based tasks in machine learning. However, finding suitable alternatives to RL remains an exciting and innovative research area. One such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-11 Ali Beikmohammadi , Sindri Magnússon

We investigate the internal representations that a recurrent neural network (RNN) uses while learning to recognize a regular formal language. Specifically, we train a RNN on positive and negative examples from a regular language, and ask if…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-28 Joshua J. Michalenko , Ameesh Shah , Abhinav Verma , Richard G. Baraniuk , Swarat Chaudhuri , Ankit B. Patel

Families of deterministic finite automata (FDFA) represent regular $\omega$-languages through their ultimately periodic words (UP-words). An FDFA accepts pairs of words, where the first component corresponds to a prefix of the UP-word, and…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-06-17 León Bohn , Yong Li , Christof Löding , Sven Schewe

We present efficient algorithms to reduce the size of nondeterministic B\"uchi word automata (NBA) and nondeterministic finite word automata (NFA), while retaining their languages. Additionally, we describe methods to solve PSPACE-complete…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Lorenzo Clemente , Richard Mayr

As an alternative to visibly pushdown automata, we introduce visibly recursive automata (VRAs), composed of a set of classical automata that can call each other. VRAs are a strict extension of so-called systems of procedural automata, a…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Kévin Dubrulle , Véronique Bruyère , Guillermo A. Pérez , Gaëtan Staquet

In the field of computational logic, two classes of finite automata are considered fundamental: deterministic and nondeterministic automata (DFAs and NFAs). In a more fine-grained approach three natural intermediate classes were introduced,…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Karolina Drabik , Anita Dürr , Fabian Frei , Filip Mazowiecki , Karol Węgrzycki

Tree automata based algorithms are essential in many fields in computer science such as verification, specification, program analysis. They become also essential for databases with the development of standards such as XML. In this paper, we…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2007-05-23 J. Carme , R. Gilleron , A. Lemay , A. Terlutte , M. Tommasi

We study the unambiguisability problem for min-plus (tropical) weighted automata (WFAs), and the counter-minimisation problem for tropical Cost Register Automata (CRAs), which are expressively-equivalent to WFAs. Both problems ask whether…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Shaull Almagor , Guy Arbel , Sarai Sheinvald

We consider the problem of minimising the number of states in a multiplicity tree automaton over the field of rational numbers. We give a minimisation algorithm that runs in polynomial time assuming unit-cost arithmetic. We also show that a…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2019-03-14 Stefan Kiefer , Ines Marusic , James Worrell
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