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Explainable AI (XAI) aims to address the human need for safe and reliable AI systems. However, numerous surveys emphasize the absence of a sound mathematical formalization of key XAI notions -- remarkably including the term "explanation"…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Pietro Barbiero , Stefano Fioravanti , Francesco Giannini , Alberto Tonda , Pietro Lio , Elena Di Lavore

Medical image segmentation is a critical component of clinical workflows, enabling accurate diagnosis, treatment planning, and disease monitoring. However, despite the superior performance of transformer-based models over convolutional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Thuraya Alzubaidi , Sana Ammar , Maryam Alsharqi , Islem Rekik , Muzammil Behzad

The field of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) aims to explain how black-box machine learning models work. Much of the work centers around the holy grail of providing post-hoc feature attributions to any model architecture. While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Brian Barr , Noah Fatsi , Leif Hancox-Li , Peter Richter , Daniel Proano , Caleb Mok

As the manufacturing industry advances with sensor integration and automation, the opaque nature of deep learning models in machine learning poses a significant challenge for fault detection and diagnosis. And despite the related predictive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Ahmed Maged , Salah Haridy , Herman Shen

Our research aims to propose a new performance-explainability analytical framework to assess and benchmark machine learning methods. The framework details a set of characteristics that systematize the performance-explainability assessment…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-22 Kevin Fauvel , Véronique Masson , Élisa Fromont

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) methods in text summarization are essential for understanding the model behavior and fostering trust in model-generated summaries. Despite the effectiveness of XAI methods, recent studies have…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Seema Aswani , Sujala D. Shetty

There has recently been a surge of work in explanatory artificial intelligence (XAI). This research area tackles the important problem that complex machines and algorithms often cannot provide insights into their behavior and thought…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-02-05 Leilani H. Gilpin , David Bau , Ben Z. Yuan , Ayesha Bajwa , Michael Specter , Lalana Kagal

Evaluating feature attribution methods represents a critical challenge in explainable AI (XAI), as researchers typically rely on perturbation-based metrics when ground truth is unavailable. However, recent work reveals that these evaluation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Gregor Baer , Isel Grau , Chao Zhang , Pieter Van Gorp

While several types of post hoc explanation methods have been proposed in recent literature, there is very little work on systematically benchmarking these methods. Here, we introduce OpenXAI, a comprehensive and extensible open-source…

Explainable AI (XAI) is an active research area to interpret a neural network's decision by ensuring transparency and trust in the task-specified learned models. Recently, perturbation-based model analysis has shown better interpretation,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-02-17 Mahesh Sudhakar , Sam Sattarzadeh , Konstantinos N. Plataniotis , Jongseong Jang , Yeonjeong Jeong , Hyunwoo Kim

Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) aims to help human decision-makers in understanding complex machine learning (ML) models. One of the hallmarks of XAI are measures of relative feature importance, which are theoretically justified…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-12 Joao Marques-Silva , Xuanxiang Huang

Neural time-series analysis has traditionally focused on modeling data in the time domain, often with some approaches incorporating equivalent Fourier domain representations as auxiliary spectral features. In this work, we shift the main…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Minjung Kim , Yusuke Hioka , Michael Witbrock

Explainable AI (XAI) is the study on how humans can be able to understand the cause of a model's prediction. In this work, the problem of interest is Scene Text Recognition (STR) Explainability, using XAI to understand the cause of an STR…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Mark Vincent Ty , Rowel Atienza

Feature attribution methods have become a staple method to disentangle the complex behavior of black box models. Despite their success, some scholars have argued that such methods suffer from a serious flaw: they do not allow a reliable…

Next generation advanced nuclear reactors are expected to be smaller both in size and power output, relying extensively on fully digital instrumentation and control systems. These reactors will generate a large flow of information in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Konstantinos Vasili , Zachery T. Dahm , Stylianos Chatzidakis

Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) has helped elucidate the internal mechanisms of machine learning algorithms, bolstering their reliability by demonstrating the basis of their predictions. Several XAI models consider causal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Daisuke Takahashi , Shohei Shimizu , Takuma Tanaka

In recent years, XAI researchers have been formalizing proposals and developing new methods to explain black box models, with no general consensus in the community on which method to use to explain these models, with this choice being…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-04 José Ribeiro , Lucas Cardoso , Raíssa Silva , Vitor Cirilo , Níkolas Carneiro , Ronnie Alves

Artificial intelligence systems are widely used by people with sensory disabilities, like loss of vision or hearing, to help perceive or navigate the world around them. This includes tasks like describing an image or object they cannot…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Shadab H. Choudhury

Recent developments in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and their applications in critical industries such as healthcare, fin-tech and cybersecurity have led to a surge in research in explainability in AI. Innovative research methods are being…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Aoun E Muhammad , Kin-Choong Yow , Nebojsa Bacanin-Dzakula , Muhammad Attique Khan

The eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) research predominantly concentrates to provide explainations about AI model decisions, especially Deep Learning (DL) models. However, there is a growing interest in using XAI techniques to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Andrea Apicella , Salvatore Giugliano , Francesco Isgrò , Andrea Pollastro , Roberto Prevete