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Formal XAI is an emerging field that focuses on providing explanations with mathematical guarantees for the decisions made by machine learning models. A significant amount of work in this area is centered on the computation of "sufficient…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Bernardo Subercaseaux , Marcelo Arenas , Kuldeep S Meel

The field of explainable AI (XAI) has quickly become a thriving and prolific community. However, a silent, recurrent and acknowledged issue in this area is the lack of consensus regarding its terminology. In particular, each new…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-03 Sebastian Palacio , Adriano Lucieri , Mohsin Munir , Jörn Hees , Sheraz Ahmed , Andreas Dengel

Artificial intelligence (AI) is being applied in almost every field. At the same time, the currently dominant deep learning methods are fundamentally black-box systems that lack explanations for their inferences, significantly limiting…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Martina Mattioli , Eike Petersen , Aasa Feragen , Marcello Pelillo , Siavash A. Bigdeli

The implementation of Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems in the manufacturing domain enables higher production efficiency, outstanding performance, and safer operations, leveraging powerful tools such as deep learning and reinforcement…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-07-07 Georgios Sofianidis , Jože M. Rožanec , Dunja Mladenić , Dimosthenis Kyriazis

Explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) methods lack ground truth. In its place, method developers have relied on axioms to determine desirable properties for their explanations' behavior. For high stakes uses of machine learning that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-02 Isha Hameed , Samuel Sharpe , Daniel Barcklow , Justin Au-Yeung , Sahil Verma , Jocelyn Huang , Brian Barr , C. Bayan Bruss

Time series forecasting aids decision-making, especially for stakeholders who rely on accurate predictions, making it very important to understand and explain these models to ensure informed decisions. Traditional explainable AI (XAI)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Taha Aksu , Chenghao Liu , Amrita Saha , Sarah Tan , Caiming Xiong , Doyen Sahoo

The unprecedented performance of machine learning models in recent years, particularly Deep Learning and transformer models, has resulted in their application in various domains such as finance, healthcare, and education. However, the…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Milad Rogha

Recent studies evaluating various criteria for explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) suggest that fidelity, stability, and comprehensibility are among the most important metrics considered by users of AI across a diverse collection of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Ronny Luss , Amit Dhurandhar

The integration of Fourier transform and deep learning opens new avenues for time series forecasting. We reconsider the Fourier transform from a basis functions perspective. Specifically, the real and imaginary parts of the frequency…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Runze Yang , Longbing Cao , Xin You , Kun Fang , Jianxun Li , Jie Yang

Many real-world systems modeled using differential equations involve unknown or uncertain parameters. Standard approaches to address parameter estimation inverse problems in this setting typically focus on estimating constants; yet some…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2024-03-25 Anna Fitzpatrick , Molly Folino , Andrea Arnold

Interpretable classification of time series presents significant challenges in high dimensions. Traditional feature selection methods in the frequency domain often assume sparsity in spectral density matrices (SDMs) or their inverses, which…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-08-19 Sarbojit Roy , Malik Shahid Sultan , Hernando Ombao

Time-series data augmentation mitigates the issue of insufficient training data for deep learning models. Yet, existing augmentation methods are mainly designed for classification, where class labels can be preserved even if augmentation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Xiyuan Zhang , Ranak Roy Chowdhury , Jingbo Shang , Rajesh Gupta , Dezhi Hong

Although modern machine learning and deep learning methods allow for complex and in-depth data analytics, the predictive models generated by these methods are often highly complex, and lack transparency. Explainable AI (XAI) methods are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-17 Mythreyi Velmurugan , Chun Ouyang , Catarina Moreira , Renuka Sindhgatta

Explanation methods and their evaluation have become a significant issue in explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) due to the recent surge of opaque AI models in decision support systems (DSS). Since the most accurate AI models are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-30 Helena Löfström , Karl Hammar , Ulf Johansson

In the realm of human activity recognition (HAR), the integration of explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) emerges as a critical necessity to elucidate the decision-making processes of complex models, fostering transparency and trust.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Yiran Huang , Yexu Zhou , Haibin Zhao , Till Riedel , Michael Beigl

With the rapid development of eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI), a long line of past work has shown concerns about the Out-of-Distribution (OOD) problem in perturbation-based post-hoc XAI models and explanations are socially…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-23 Liu Zhendong , Wenyu Jiang , Yi Zhang , Chongjun Wang

The evolution of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has emphasised the significance of meeting diverse user needs. The approaches to identifying and addressing these needs must also advance, recognising that explanation experiences…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-05-20 Anjana Wijekoon , David Corsar , Nirmalie Wiratunga , Kyle Martin , Pedram Salimi

The complexity and opacity of neural networks (NNs) pose significant challenges, particularly in high-stakes fields such as healthcare, finance, and law, where understanding decision-making processes is crucial. To address these issues, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Helena Monke , Benjamin Sae-Chew , Benjamin Fresz , Marco F. Huber

Time series forecasting is a long-standing problem in statistics and machine learning. One of the key challenges is processing sequences with long-range dependencies. To that end, a recent line of work applied the short-time Fourier…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Eyal Yakir , Dor Tsur , Haim Permuter

Evaluating explainable AI (XAI) approaches is a challenging task in general, due to the subjectivity of explanations. In this paper, we focus on tabular data and the specific use case of AI models predicting the values of Boolean functions.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Stav Armoni-Friedmann , Hana Chockler , David A. Kelly
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