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The ability to distinguish whether an image is generated by artificial intelligence (AI) is a crucial ingredient in human intelligence, usually accompanied by a complex and dialectical forensic and reasoning process. However, current fake…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Yixuan Li , Xuelin Liu , Xiaoyang Wang , Bu Sung Lee , Shiqi Wang , Anderson Rocha , Weisi Lin

The large and ever-increasing amount of data available on the Internet coupled with the laborious task of manual claim and fact verification has sparked the interest in the development of automated claim verification systems. Several deep…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Alphaeus Dmonte , Roland Oruche , Marcos Zampieri , Prasad Calyam , Isabelle Augenstein

Large language models (LLMs)-based chatbots are increasingly being adopted in the financial domain, particularly in digital banking, to handle customer inquiries about products such as deposits, savings, and loans. However, these models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Yunseung Lee , Subin Kim , Youngjun Kwak , Jaegul Choo

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in settings where reasoning, such as multi-step problem solving and chain-of-thought, is essential. Yet, current evaluation practices overwhelmingly report single-run accuracy while…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Nearchos Potamitis , Lars Klein , Akhil Arora

In the rapidly evolving field of artificial intelligence, large language models (LLMs) have emerged as powerful tools for a myriad of applications, from natural language processing to decision-making support systems. However, as these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Jianchao Ji , Yutong Chen , Mingyu Jin , Wujiang Xu , Wenyue Hua , Yongfeng Zhang

Solving expert-level multimodal tasks is a key milestone towards general intelligence. As the capabilities of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) continue to improve, evaluation of such advanced multimodal intelligence becomes…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Yan Yang , Dongxu Li , Haoning Wu , Bei Chen , Liu Liu , Liyuan Pan , Junnan Li

Uncovering hidden symbolic laws from time series data, as an aspiration dating back to Kepler's discovery of planetary motion, remains a core challenge in scientific discovery and artificial intelligence. While Large Language Models show…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Zewen Liu , Juntong Ni , Xianfeng Tang , Max S. Y. Lau , Qi He , Wenpeng Yin , Wei Jin

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly applied to scientific reasoning, the complexity of answer formats and the diversity of equivalent expressions make answer verification a critical yet challenging task. Existing verification…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Shenghe Zheng , Chenyu Huang , Fangchen Yu , Junchi Yao , Jingqi Ye , Tao Chen , Yun Luo , Ning Ding , LEI BAI , Ganqu Cui , Peng Ye

With the continuous advancement of large language models (LLMs), it is essential to create new benchmarks to effectively evaluate their expanding capabilities and identify areas for improvement. This work focuses on multi-image reasoning,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Mehran Kazemi , Nishanth Dikkala , Ankit Anand , Petar Devic , Ishita Dasgupta , Fangyu Liu , Bahare Fatemi , Pranjal Awasthi , Dee Guo , Sreenivas Gollapudi , Ahmed Qureshi

The ability to compare objects, scenes, or situations is crucial for effective decision-making and problem-solving in everyday life. For instance, comparing the freshness of apples enables better choices during grocery shopping while…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Jihyung Kil , Zheda Mai , Justin Lee , Zihe Wang , Kerrie Cheng , Lemeng Wang , Ye Liu , Arpita Chowdhury , Wei-Lun Chao

The rapid advancement of talking-head deepfake generation fueled by advanced generative models has elevated the realism of synthetic videos to a level that poses substantial risks in domains such as media, politics, and finance. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Xinqi Xiong , Prakrut Patel , Qingyuan Fan , Amisha Wadhwa , Sarathy Selvam , Xiao Guo , Luchao Qi , Xiaoming Liu , Roni Sengupta

As large language models (LLMs) become integral to code-related tasks, a central question emerges: Do LLMs truly understand program semantics? We introduce EquiBench, a new benchmark for evaluating LLMs through equivalence checking, i.e.,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Anjiang Wei , Jiannan Cao , Ran Li , Hongyu Chen , Yuhui Zhang , Ziheng Wang , Yuan Liu , Thiago S. F. X. Teixeira , Diyi Yang , Ke Wang , Alex Aiken

We introduce CompareBench, a benchmark for evaluating visual comparison reasoning in vision-language models (VLMs), a fundamental yet understudied skill. CompareBench consists of 1000 QA pairs across four tasks: quantity (600), temporal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Jie Cai , Kangning Yang , Lan Fu , Jiaming Ding , Jinlong Li , Huiming Sun , Daitao Xing , Jinglin Shen , Zibo Meng

We introduce SATBench, a benchmark for evaluating the logical reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) through logical puzzles derived from Boolean satisfiability (SAT) problems. Unlike prior work that focuses on inference…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Anjiang Wei , Yuheng Wu , Yingjia Wan , Tarun Suresh , Huanmi Tan , Zhanke Zhou , Sanmi Koyejo , Ke Wang , Alex Aiken

Scientific texts often convey authority due to their technical language and complex data. However, this complexity can sometimes lead to the spread of misinformation. Non-experts are particularly susceptible to misleading claims based on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Yuji Zhang , Qingyun Wang , Cheng Qian , Jiateng Liu , Chenkai Sun , Denghui Zhang , Tarek Abdelzaher , Chengxiang Zhai , Preslav Nakov , Heng Ji

The advances of large foundation models necessitate wide-coverage, low-cost, and zero-contamination benchmarks. Despite continuous exploration of language model evaluations, comprehensive studies on the evaluation of Large Multi-modal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-19 Kaichen Zhang , Bo Li , Peiyuan Zhang , Fanyi Pu , Joshua Adrian Cahyono , Kairui Hu , Shuai Liu , Yuanhan Zhang , Jingkang Yang , Chunyuan Li , Ziwei Liu

The rapid adoption of language models (LMs) across diverse applications has raised concerns about their factuality, i.e., their consistency with real-world facts. We first present VERIFY (Verification and Evidence RetrIeval for FactualitY…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Farima Fatahi Bayat , Lechen Zhang , Sheza Munir , Lu Wang

Formal theorem-proving benchmarks enable mechanically verifiable evaluation of mathematical reasoning in large language models. However, existing benchmarks mainly focus on Olympiad-style problems and algebraic domains, leaving…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Wentao Long , Yunfei Zhang , Chenyi Li , Li Zhou , Chumin Sun , Zaiwen Wen

Numerous benchmarks aim to evaluate the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) for causal inference and reasoning. However, many of them can likely be solved through the retrieval of domain knowledge, questioning whether they achieve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Linying Yang , Vik Shirvaikar , Oscar Clivio , Fabian Falck

The profusion of knowledge encoded in large language models (LLMs) and their ability to apply this knowledge zero-shot in a range of settings makes them promising candidates for use in decision-making. However, they are currently limited by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Gabriel Freedman , Adam Dejl , Deniz Gorur , Xiang Yin , Antonio Rago , Francesca Toni