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Kitaev quantum spin liquids (KSLs) in layered honeycomb magnets are known to host Majorana quasiparticles, whose excitations depend strongly on the direction of the applied magnetic field. In the high-field phase of $\alpha$-RuCl$_3$,…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-03-18 Shengjie Fang , Kumpei Imamura , Yuta Mizukami , Ryuichi Namba , Kota Ishihara , Kenichiro Hashimoto , Takasada Shibauchi

The long-sought quantum spin liquid is a quantum-entangled magnetic state leading to the fractionalization of spin degrees of freedom. Quasiparticles emergent from the fractionalization affect not only the ground state properties but also…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2017-09-06 Junki Yoshitake , Joji Nasu , Yukitoshi Motome

Quantum spin liquids (QSLs) form an extremely unusual magnetic state in which the spins are highly correlated and fluctuate coherently down to the lowest temperatures, but without symmetry breaking and without the formation of any static…

The fate of exotic spin liquid states with fractionalized excitations at finite temperature ($T$) is of great interest, since signatures of fractionalization manifest in finite-temperature ($T$) dynamics in real systems, above the tiny…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2017-04-20 Subhasree Pradhan , M. S. Laad , Avijeet Ray , T. Maitra , A. Taraphder

The Kitaev quantum spin liquid (QSL) on the two-dimensional honeycomb lattice epitomizes an entangled topological state, where the spins fractionalize into Majorana fermions. This state has aroused tremendous interest because it harbors…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2022-12-12 S. Suetsugu , Y. Ukai , M. Shimomura , M. Kamimura , T. Asaba , Y. Kasahara , N. Kurita , H. Tanaka , T. Shibauchi , J. Nasu , Y. Motome , Y. Matsuda

Quantum spin liquids (QSLs) host a variety of fractionalized particles. In Kitaev's paradigmatic honeycomb model a spin-$\tfrac{1}{2}$ fractionalizes into $Z_2$ flux due to emergent $Z_2$ gauge field and matter Majorana fermions. Although…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2026-01-22 Shi Feng , Nandini Trivedi

Motivated by the recent surge of field-driven phenomena discussed for Kitaev materials, in particular the experimental observation of a finite thermal Hall effect and theoretical proposals for the emergence of additional spin liquid phases…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2019-08-28 Yong Hao Gao , Ciarán Hickey , Tao Xiang , Simon Trebst , Gang Chen

In recent years, several magnetic Mott insulators with strong spin-orbit couplings were suggested to be proximate to the Kitaev quantum spin liquid (QSL) whose one of the most exciting features is the fractionalization of spin excitations…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2022-01-05 Wen-Han Kao , Natalia B. Perkins

Topological states of matter such as quantum spin liquids (QSLs) are of great interest because of their remarkable predicted properties including protection of quantum information and the emergence of Majorana fermions. Such QSLs, however,…

A key characteristic of quantum spin liquids(QSL) is the presence of fractional excitations related to their entanglement properties, yet experimental verification of their statistics is missing. For example, in the potential Kitaev spin…

$\alpha$-RuCl$_3$ has attracted enormous attention since it has been proposed as a prime candidate to study fractionalized magnetic excitations akin to Kitaev's honeycomb-lattice spin liquid. We have performed a detailed specific-heat…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2017-07-19 A. U. B. Wolter , L. T. Corredor , L. Janssen , K. Nenkov , S. Schönecker , S. -H. Do , K. -Y. Choi , R. Albrecht , J. Hunger , T. Doert , M. Vojta , B. Büchner

The Kitaev model with an applied magnetic field in the $H||[111]$ direction shows two transitions: from a non-abelian gapped quantum spin liquid (QSL) to a gapless QSL at $H_{c1} \simeq 0.2K$ and a second transition at a higher field…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2019-06-11 Niravkumar D. Patel , Nandini Trivedi

Significant efforts have focused on the magnetic excitations of relativistic Mott insulators, predicted to realize the Kitaev quantum spin liquid (QSL). This exactly solvable model involves a highly entangled state resulting from…

The Kitaev model exhibits a Quantum Spin Liquid hosting emergent fractionalized excitations. We study the Kitaev model on the honeycomb lattice coupled to a magnetic field along the [111] axis. Utilizing large scale matrix product based…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2018-12-06 Matthias Gohlke , Roderich Moessner , Frank Pollmann

The honeycomb-lattice cobaltate Na$_3$Co$_2$SbO$_6$ has recently been proposed to be a proximate Kitaev quantum spin liquid~(QSL) candidate. However, non-Kitaev terms in the Hamiltonian lead to a zigzag-type antiferromagnetic~(AFM) order at…

Quantum entanglement in strongly correlated electron systems often leads to exotic elementary excitations. Quantum spin liquids (QSLs) provide a paradigmatic example, where the elementary excitations are described by fractional…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-03-10 Yasuyuki Kato , Joji Nasu , Masahiro Sato , Tsuyoshi Okubo , Takahiro Misawa , Yukitoshi Motome

We develop a gauge-invariant renormalized mean-field theory (RMFT) to reliably find the quantum spin liquid (QSL) states and their field response for realistic Kitaev materials under strong magnetic fields and described by the generalized…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2026-01-06 Po-Hao Chou , Chung-Yu Mou , Chung-Hou Chung , Sungkit Yip

In the field of quantum magnetism, the exactly solvable Kitaev honeycomb model serves as a paradigm for the fractionalization of spin degrees of freedom and the formation of $\mathbb{Z}_2$ quantum spin liquids. An intense experimental…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2019-02-07 Ciarán Hickey , Simon Trebst

It is now well established that the Kitaev honeycomb model in a magnetic field along the $[111]$-direction harbors an intermediate gapless quantum spin liquid (QSL) phase sandwiched between a gapped non-abelian QSL at low fields $H< H_{c1}$…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2020-05-13 Subhasree Pradhan , Niravkumar D. Patel , Nandini Trivedi

The subtle interplay between competing degrees of freedom, anisotropy, and spin correlations in frustrated Kitaev quantum materials offers an ideal platform to host non-trivial quantum states with exotic fractional excitations. The…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-04-07 U. Jena , P. Khuntia