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Synchrotron-X-ray and surface tension studies of a strong polyelectrolyte (PE) in the semi-dilute regime (~ 0.1M monomer-charges) with varying surfactant concentrations show that minute surfactant concentrations induce the formation of a…
Quantitative description of reaction mechanisms in aqueous phase electrochemistry requires experimental characterization of local water structure at the electrode/aqueous interface and its evolution with changing potential. Gaining such…
Medium-Mn steels exhibit excellent mechanical properties and lower production costs compared to high-Mn steels, which makes them a potential material for future application in the automotive industry. Intercritical annealing (ICA) after…
Emergent behavior at complex oxide interfaces has driven much of the research in the oxide thin film community for the past twenty years. Interfaces have been engineered for potential applications in spintronics, topological quantum…
Recently, x-ray illumination, using synchrotron radiation, has been used to manipulate defects, stimulate self-organization and to probe their structure. Here we explore a method of defect-engineering low-dimensional systems using focused…
Specific conductance and frequency-dependent resistance (impedance) data are widely utilized for understanding the physicochemical characteristics of aqueous and non-aqueous fluids and for evaluating the performance of chemical processes.…
Capillary forces guide the motion of biomolecular condensates, water-borne insects, and breakfast cereal. These surface-mediated interactions can be harnessed to build units into materials with exotic properties deriving from mesoscale…
We examine the applicability of various model profiles for the liquid/vapor interface by X-ray reflectivities on water and ethanol and their mixtures at room temperature. Analysis of the X-ray reflecivities using various density profiles…
Understanding electrochemical interfaces at a microscopic level is essential for elucidating important electrochemical processes in electrocatalysis, batteries and corrosion. While \textit{ab initio} simulations have provided valuable…
Colloidal suspensions are simple model systems for the study of phase transitions. Video microscopy is capable of directly imaging the structure and dynamics of colloidal suspensions in different phases. Recent results related to…
Directly imaging the configurations of small molecules at the ambient temperatures will greatly promote the study of their chemical and physical properties, including the host-guest interactions of organics in porous materials during the…
Complex oxide interfaces have been one of the central focuses in condensed matter physics and material science. Over the past decade, aberration corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy and spectroscopy has proven to be…
In situ scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) through liquids is a promising approach for exploring biological and materials processes. However, options for in situ chemical identification are limited: X-ray analysis is precluded…
The ionizations per photon, or S/XB, method uses spectroscopic measurements of radiating impurity ions to determine the influx from a solid surface. It is highly useful as a non-perturbing, in-situ measure of the gross erosion flux of…
Understanding electrochemical phenomena at complex liquid solid interfaces requires linking real time structural dynamics with atomic scale interfacial chemistry. Here, we integrate operando synchrotron X-ray fluorescence and diffraction…
Corrosion is a form of damage that often appears on the surface of metal-made objects used in industrial applications. Those damages can be critical depending on the purpose of the used object. Optical-based testing systems provide a form…
The formation of energetically favourable and metastable mineral phases within the Fe-H2O system controls the long-term mobility of iron complexes as well as other aqueous phase constituents in natural aquifers, soils and other…
Ionic liquids are widely used as electrolytes in electrochemical devices. In this context, many experimental and theoretical approaches have been recently developed for characterizing their interface with electrodes. In this perspective…
Electrokinetic phenomena at polymer-water interfaces are central to technologies for water purification, ion separations, and energy conversion, yet the ability to systematically control polymer surface charge and associated electrokinetic…
We describe a versatile apparatus for optical observations of experimental processes at temperatures down to 0.1 K. The cooling is achieved by a wet cryostat with a dilution refrigerator on a vibrationally-isolated platform, capable of…