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Diffractive optical neural networks (DONNs) have been emerging as a high-throughput and energy-efficient hardware platform to perform all-optical machine learning (ML) in machine vision systems. However, the current demonstrated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-23 Ruiyang Chen , Yingheng Tang , Jianzhu Ma , Weilu Gao

Diffractive optical neural networks (DONNs), leveraging free-space light wave propagation for ultra-parallel, high-efficiency computing, have emerged as promising artificial intelligence (AI) accelerators. However, their inherent lack of…

Optics · Physics 2024-11-11 Ziang Yin , Yu Yao , Jeff Zhang , Jiaqi Gu

As deep neural network (DNN) models grow ever-larger, they can achieve higher accuracy and solve more complex problems. This trend has been enabled by an increase in available compute power; however, efforts to continue to scale electronic…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2020-06-25 Liane Bernstein , Alexander Sludds , Ryan Hamerly , Vivienne Sze , Joel Emer , Dirk Englund

Diffractive optical neural networks (DONNs) have attracted lots of attention as they bring significant advantages in terms of power efficiency, parallelism, and computational speed compared with conventional deep neural networks (DNNs),…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-09-29 Yingjie Li , Ruiyang Chen , Weilu Gao , Cunxi Yu

In the last decade phase change materials (PCM) research has switched from practical application in optical data storage toward electrical phase change random access memory technologies (PCRAM). As these devices are commercialised, we…

Optics · Physics 2021-04-21 Robert E. Simpson , Tun Cao

Diffractive neural network (DNN), which can perform machine learning tasks based on the light propagation and diffraction, has recently emerged as a promising optical computing paradigm due to its high parallel processing speed and low…

Optics · Physics 2026-01-27 Yudong Tian , Haifeng Xu , Yuqing Liu , Xiangyu Zhao , Jierong Cheng , Chongzhao Wu

Edge intelligence is constrained by the energy and latency costs of shuttling data through electronic memory hierarchies. Optical systems offer a fundamentally different computational regime: once an input wavefront is launched into a…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Prakul Sunil Hiremath

Diffractive optical neural networks (DONNs) have emerged as a promising optical hardware platform for ultra-fast and energy-efficient signal processing for machine learning tasks, particularly in computer vision. Previous experimental…

Optics · Physics 2024-05-27 Matthew J. Filipovich , Aleksei Malyshev , A. I. Lvovsky

Diffractive optical neural networks (DONNs) have demonstrated unparalleled energy efficiency and parallelism by processing information directly in the optical domain. However, their computational expressivity is constrained by static,…

Optics · Physics 2026-03-11 Ziang Yin , Qi Jing , Raktim Sarma , Rena Huang , Yu Yao , Jiaqi Gu

All-optical diffractive neural networks (DNNs) offer a promising alternative to electronics-based neural network processing due to their low latency, high throughput, and inherent spatial parallelism. However, the lack of reconfigurability…

Diffractive deep neural network (DNNet) is a novel machine learning framework on the modulation of optical transmission. Diffractive network would get predictions at the speed of light. It's pure passive architecture, no additional power…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-24 Yingshi Chen , Jinfeng Zhu

Replacing electrons with photons is a compelling route towards light-speed, highly parallel, and low-power artificial intelligence computing. Recently, all-optical diffractive neural deep neural networks have been demonstrated. However, the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-07-19 Xuhao Luo , Yueqiang Hu , Xin Li , Xiangnian Ou , Jiajie Lai , Na Liu , Huigao Duan

We survey the current state of phase change memory (PCM), a non-volatile solid-state memory technology built around the large electrical contrast between the highly-resistive amorphous and highly-conductive crystalline states in so-called…

As a representative next-generation device/circuit technology beyond CMOS, diffractive optical neural networks (DONNs) have shown promising advantages over conventional deep neural networks due to extreme fast computation speed (light…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-05 Shanglin Zhou , Yingjie Li , Minhan Lou , Weilu Gao , Zhijie Shi , Cunxi Yu , Caiwen Ding

Optical diffractive neural networks have triggered extensive research with their low power consumption and high speed in image processing. In this work, we propose a reconfigurable digital all-optical diffractive neural network (R-ODNN)…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2023-05-22 Chu Wu , Jingyu Zhao , Qiaomu Hu , Rui Zeng , Minming Zhang

Structural colors generated due to light scattering from static all-dielectric metasurfaces have successfully enabled high-resolution, high-saturation and wide-gamut color printing applications. Despite recent advances, most demonstrations…

Diffractive neural networks, where signal processing is embedded into wave propagation, promise light-speed and energy-efficient computation. However, existing three-dimensional structures, such as stacked intelligent metasurfaces (SIMs),…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-02 Xiaokun Teng , Yanqing Ren , Weicong Chen , Wankai Tang , Xiao Li , Shi Jin

Chalcogenide phase change materials (PCMs) have been extensively applied in data storage, and they are now being proposed for high resolution displays, holographic displays, reprogrammable photonics, and all-optical neural networks. These…

Optics · Physics 2023-08-09 Yunzheng Wang , Jing Ning , Li Lu , Michel Bosman , Robert E. Simpson

Programmable and reconfigurable optics hold significant potential for transforming a broad spectrum of applications, spanning space explorations to biomedical imaging, gas sensing, and optical cloaking. The ability to adjust the optical…

Optical imaging and sensing systems based on diffractive elements have seen massive advances over the last several decades. Earlier generations of diffractive optical processors were, in general, designed to deliver information to an…

Optics · Physics 2024-08-14 Md Sadman Sakib Rahman , Aydogan Ozcan
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