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We consider the problem of stability analysis for distribution grids with droop-controlled inverters and dynamic distribution power lines. The inverters are modeled as voltage sources with controllable frequency and amplitude. This problem…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-03-27 Stefanos Baros , Christoforos N. Hadjicostis , Francis O'Sullivan

Grid-interfacing inverters act as the interface between renewable resources and the electric grid, and have the potential to offer fast and programmable controls compared to synchronous generators. With this flexibility there has been…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-25 Trager Joswig-Jones , Baosen Zhang

Inverter-based microgrids are an important technology for sustainable electrical power systems and typically use droop-controlled grid-forming inverters to interface distributed energy resources to the network and control the voltage and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-03-12 Yemi Ojo , Jeremy Watson , Ioannis Lestas

Virtual oscillator control is the latest control technique for grid-forming inverters. Virtual Oscillator based Controllers (VOCs) provide all the steady-state droop functionalities of conventional droop controllers and, in addition, the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-07 Ritwik Ghosh , Narsa Reddy Tummuru , Bharat Singh Rajpuohit

Low-inertia, isolated power systems face the problem of resiliency to power variations. The integration of renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar photovoltaic, pushes the boundaries of this issue further. Higher shares of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-05 Erick Fernando Alves , Louis Polleux , Gilles Guerassimoff , Magnus Korpås , Elisabetta Tedeschi

Due to the rise of distributed energy resources, the control of networks of grid-forming inverters is now a pressing issue for power system operation. Droop control is a popular control strategy in the literature for frequency control of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-09-08 Kevin D. Smith , Saber Jafarpour , Francesco Bullo

The renewable energy is connected to the power grid through power electronic converters, which are lack of make the inertia of synchronous generator/machine (SM) be lost. The increasing penetration of renewable energy in power system…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-09-15 Yuan Gao , Hai-Peng Ren , Jie Li

This paper proposes a systematic framework to assess the small-signal stability of power systems with high shares of grid-following inverter-based resources (IBRs) under varying controller parameters and operating conditions. Stability…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-27 Francesco Conte , Fernando Mancilla-David , Federico Silvestro , Samuele Grillo

Renewables will soon dominate energy production in our electric power system. And yet, how to integrate renewable energy into the grid and the market is still a subject of major debate. Decentral Smart Grid Control (DSGC) was recently…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2016-10-31 Benjamin Schäfer , Carsten Grabow , Sabine Auer , Jürgen Kurths , Dirk Witthaut , Marc Timme

In this paper, we analytically study the transient stability of grid-connected converters with grid-forming complex droop control, also known as dispatchable virtual oscillator control. We prove theoretically that complex droop control, as…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-24 Xiuqiang He , Linbin Huang , Irina Subotić , Verena Häberle , Florian Dörfler

The stability of inverter-dominated power grids remains an active area of research. This paper presents novel sufficient conditions for ensuring small-signal stability in lossless and constant $R/X$ grids with highly heterogeneous mixes of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-07-03 Jakob Niehues , Robin Delabays , Anna Büttner , Frank Hellmann

Modern low-carbon power systems come with many challenges, such as increased inverter penetration and increased uncertainty from renewable sources and loads. In this context, the microgrid concept is a promising approach, which is based on…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-19 E. D. Gomez Anccas , C. A. Hans , D. Schulz

The growing integration of inverter-based resources (IBRs) into modern power systems poses significant challenges for maintaining reliable operation under dynamic and constrained conditions. This paper focuses on the power tracking problem…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-17 Zixiao Ma , Baosen Zhang

This paper investigates the transient stability of power systems co-dominated by different types of grid-forming (GFM) devices. Synchronous generators (SGs and VSGs) and droop-controlled inverters are typical GFM devices in modern power…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-01-13 Xiuqiang He , Hua Geng

Renewable-driven microgrids dominated by grid-forming (GFM) converters are subject to persistent power fluctuations, making equilibrium-known stability assessments restrictive. This paper develops an equilibrium-free contraction stability…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-22 Shijie Peng , Xiuqiang He , Xi Ru , Hua Geng

Fast-acting smart inverters that utilize preset operating conditions to determine real and reactive power injection/consumption can create voltage instabilities (over-voltage, voltage oscillations and more) in an electrical distribution…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-11-20 Shammya Shananda Saha , Daniel Arnold , Anna Scaglione , Eran Schweitzer , Ciaran Roberts , Sean Peisert , Nathan G. Johnson

An islanded microgrid supplied by multiple distributed energy resources (DERs) often employs droop-control mechanisms for power sharing. Because microgrids do not include inertial elements, and low pass filtering of noisy measurements…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-07-05 Abdullah Al Maruf , Mohammad Ostadijafari , Anamika Dubey , Sandip Roy

In this paper, we present a model-based frequency controller for microgrids with nonzero line resistances based on a port-Hamiltonian formulation of the microgrid model and real-time dynamic pricing. The controller is applicable for…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-10-09 Lukas Kölsch , Manuel Dupuis , Kirtan Bhatt , Stefan Krebs , Sören Hohmann

Traditionally, power system's inertia has been estimated according to the rotating masses directly connected to the grid. However, a new generation mix scenario is currently identified, where conventional supply-side is gradually replaced…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-11-04 Ana Fernández-Guillamón , Emilio Gómez-Lázaro , Angel Molina-García

The rapid rise in inverter-based renewable resources has heightened concerns over subsynchronous resonance and oscillations, thereby challenging grid stability. This paper reviews approaches to identify and mitigate these issues, focusing…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-16 Shuvangkar Chandra Das , Lokesh Saravana , Le Minh Vu , Manh Bui , Tuyen Vu , Jianhua Zhang , Thomas Ortmeyer