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Inspection of tissues using a light microscope is the primary method of diagnosing many diseases, notably cancer. Highly multiplexed tissue imaging builds on this foundation, enabling the collection of up to 60 channels of molecular…

Artificial intelligence (AI) has transformed digital pathology by enabling biomarker prediction from high-resolution whole-slide images (WSIs). However, current methods are computationally inefficient, processing thousands of redundant…

Computational pathology and whole-slide image (WSI) analysis are pivotal in cancer diagnosis and prognosis. However, the ultra-high resolution of WSIs presents significant modeling challenges. Recent advancements in pathology foundation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Honglin Li , Zhongyi Shui , Yunlong Zhang , Chenglu Zhu , Lin Yang

Pathology, the microscopic examination of diseased tissue, is critical for diagnosing various medical conditions, particularly cancers. Traditional methods are labor-intensive and prone to human error. Digital pathology, which converts…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-21 Dmitry Nechaev , Alexey Pchelnikov , Ekaterina Ivanova

Foundation models (FMs) are transforming computational pathology by offering new ways to analyze histopathology images. However, FMs typically require weeks of training on large databases, making their creation a resource-intensive process.…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-27 Till Nicke , Daniela Schacherer , Jan Raphael Schäfer , Natalia Artysh , Antje Prasse , André Homeyer , Andrea Schenk , Henning Höfener , Johannes Lotz

In recent years, foundation models such as CLIP, DINO,and CONCH have demonstrated remarkable domain generalization and unsupervised feature extraction capabilities across diverse imaging tasks. However, systematic and independent…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Lavish Ramchandani , Aashay Tinaikar , Dev Kumar Das , Rohit Garg , Tijo Thomas

Foundation vision encoders such as CLIP and DINOv2, trained on web-scale data, exhibit strong transfer performance across tasks and datasets. However, medical imaging foundation models remain constrained by smaller datasets, limiting our…

Pathological diagnosis remains the definitive standard for identifying tumors. The rise of multimodal large models has simplified the process of integrating image analysis with textual descriptions. Despite this advancement, the substantial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Xiaomin Wu , Rui Xu , Pengchen Wei , Wenkang Qin , Peixiang Huang , Ziheng Li , Lin Luo

We present Sapiens2, a model family of high-resolution transformers for human-centric vision focused on generalization, versatility, and high-fidelity outputs. Our model sizes range from 0.4 to 5 billion parameters, with native 1K…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Rawal Khirodkar , He Wen , Julieta Martinez , Yuan Dong , Su Zhaoen , Shunsuke Saito

The rapidly evolving field of digital oncopathology faces significant challenges, including the need to address diverse and complex clinical questions, often involving rare conditions, with limited availability of labeled data. These…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-05 Jonathan Zalach , Inbal Gazy , Assaf Avinoam , Ron Sinai , Eran Shmuel , Inbar Gilboa , Christine Swisher , Naim Matasci , Reva Basho , David B. Agus

Pathology image segmentation across multiple centers encounters significant challenges due to diverse sources of heterogeneity including imaging modalities, organs, and scanning equipment, whose variability brings representation bias and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Yuan Zhang , Feng Chen , Yaolei Qi , Guanyu Yang , Huazhu Fu

Rapid progress in computational pathology is increasingly driven by vision foundation models pretrained on vast histopathology datasets. While recent efforts have prioritized training on an ever-larger amount of patches, we take an…

Gathering histopathology slides from over 100 publicly available cohorts, we compile a diverse dataset of 460 million pathology tiles covering more than 30 cancer sites. Using this dataset, we train a large self-supervised vision…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-17 Alexandre Filiot , Paul Jacob , Alice Mac Kain , Charlie Saillard

The integration of deep learning systems into healthcare has been hindered by the resource-intensive process of data annotation and the inability of these systems to generalize to different data distributions. Foundation models, which are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Mohammed Baharoon , Waseem Qureshi , Jiahong Ouyang , Yanwu Xu , Abdulrhman Aljouie , Wei Peng

Conventional histopathology has long been essential for disease diagnosis, relying on visual inspection of tissue sections. Immunohistochemistry aids in detecting specific biomarkers but is limited by its single-marker approach, restricting…

The emergence of large multimodal models (LMMs) has brought significant advancements to pathology. Previous research has primarily focused on separately training patch-level and whole-slide image (WSI)-level models, limiting the integration…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Yuxuan Sun , Yixuan Si , Chenglu Zhu , Xuan Gong , Kai Zhang , Pingyi Chen , Ye Zhang , Zhongyi Shui , Tao Lin , Lin Yang

Despite their successes in vision and language, foundation models have stumbled in pathology, revealing low accuracy, instability, and heavy computational demands. These shortcomings stem not from tuning problems but from deeper conceptual…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Hamid R. Tizhoosh

The examination of histopathology images is considered to be the gold standard for the diagnosis and stratification of cancer patients. A key challenge in the analysis of such images is their size, which can run into the gigapixels and can…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-09-09 Joseph Boyd , Mykola Liashuha , Eric Deutsch , Nikos Paragios , Stergios Christodoulidis , Maria Vakalopoulou

Pathology foundation models (PFMs) have emerged as powerful tools for analyzing whole slide images (WSIs). However, adapting these pretrained PFMs for specific clinical tasks presents considerable challenges, primarily due to the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Neeraj Kumar , Swaraj Nanda , Siddharth Singi , Jamal Benhamida , David Kim , Jie-Fu Chen , Amir Momeni-Boroujeni , Gregory M. Goldgof , Gabriele Campanella , Chad Vanderbilt

In histopathology, pathologists examine both tissue architecture at low magnification and fine-grained morphology at high magnification. Yet, the performance of pathology foundation models across magnifications and the effect of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Alexander Möllers , Julius Hense , Florian Schulz , Timo Milbich , Maximilian Alber , Lukas Ruff