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This paper introduces MetaDefense, a novel framework for defending against finetuning-based jailbreak attacks in large language models (LLMs). We observe that existing defense mechanisms fail to generalize to harmful queries disguised by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Weisen Jiang , Sinno Jialin Pan

The rapid advancement and deployment of AI systems have created an urgent need for standard safety-evaluation frameworks. This paper introduces AILuminate v1.0, the first comprehensive industry-standard benchmark for assessing AI-product…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Shaona Ghosh , Heather Frase , Adina Williams , Sarah Luger , Paul Röttger , Fazl Barez , Sean McGregor , Kenneth Fricklas , Mala Kumar , Quentin Feuillade--Montixi , Kurt Bollacker , Felix Friedrich , Ryan Tsang , Bertie Vidgen , Alicia Parrish , Chris Knotz , Eleonora Presani , Jonathan Bennion , Marisa Ferrara Boston , Mike Kuniavsky , Wiebke Hutiri , James Ezick , Malek Ben Salem , Rajat Sahay , Sujata Goswami , Usman Gohar , Ben Huang , Supheakmungkol Sarin , Elie Alhajjar , Canyu Chen , Roman Eng , Kashyap Ramanandula Manjusha , Virendra Mehta , Eileen Long , Murali Emani , Natan Vidra , Benjamin Rukundo , Abolfazl Shahbazi , Kongtao Chen , Rajat Ghosh , Vithursan Thangarasa , Pierre Peigné , Abhinav Singh , Max Bartolo , Satyapriya Krishna , Mubashara Akhtar , Rafael Gold , Cody Coleman , Luis Oala , Vassil Tashev , Joseph Marvin Imperial , Amy Russ , Sasidhar Kunapuli , Nicolas Miailhe , Julien Delaunay , Bhaktipriya Radharapu , Rajat Shinde , Tuesday , Debojyoti Dutta , Declan Grabb , Ananya Gangavarapu , Saurav Sahay , Agasthya Gangavarapu , Patrick Schramowski , Stephen Singam , Tom David , Xudong Han , Priyanka Mary Mammen , Tarunima Prabhakar , Venelin Kovatchev , Rebecca Weiss , Ahmed Ahmed , Kelvin N. Manyeki , Sandeep Madireddy , Foutse Khomh , Fedor Zhdanov , Joachim Baumann , Nina Vasan , Xianjun Yang , Carlos Mougn , Jibin Rajan Varghese , Hussain Chinoy , Seshakrishna Jitendar , Manil Maskey , Claire V. Hardgrove , Tianhao Li , Aakash Gupta , Emil Joswin , Yifan Mai , Shachi H Kumar , Cigdem Patlak , Kevin Lu , Vincent Alessi , Sree Bhargavi Balija , Chenhe Gu , Robert Sullivan , James Gealy , Matt Lavrisa , James Goel , Peter Mattson , Percy Liang , Joaquin Vanschoren

Artificial Intelligence (AI)-driven code generation tools are increasingly used throughout the software development lifecycle to accelerate coding tasks. However, the security of AI-generated code using Large Language Models (LLMs) remains…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Mohammed Kharma , Soohyeon Choi , Mohammed AlKhanafseh , David Mohaisen

With the growth of social media and large language models, content moderation has become crucial. Many existing datasets lack adequate representation of different groups, resulting in unreliable assessments. To tackle this, we propose a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Shanu Kumar , Gauri Kholkar , Saish Mendke , Anubhav Sadana , Parag Agrawal , Sandipan Dandapat

In recent years, the AI wave has grown rapidly in software development. Even novice developers can now design and generate complex framework-constrained software systems based on their high-level requirements with the help of Large Language…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Yue Liu , Zhenchang Xing , Shidong Pan , Chakkrit Tantithamthavorn

While there has been progress towards aligning Large Language Models (LLMs) with human values and ensuring safe behaviour at inference time, safety guards can easily be removed when fine tuned on unsafe and harmful datasets. While this…

Safety guard models that detect malicious queries aimed at large language models (LLMs) are essential for ensuring the secure and responsible deployment of LLMs in real-world applications. However, deploying existing safety guard models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Seanie Lee , Haebin Seong , Dong Bok Lee , Minki Kang , Xiaoyin Chen , Dominik Wagner , Yoshua Bengio , Juho Lee , Sung Ju Hwang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive capabilities across various tasks but remain vulnerable to meticulously crafted jailbreak attacks. In this paper, we identify a critical safety gap: while LLMs are adept at detecting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Peng Ding , Jun Kuang , Zongyu Wang , Xuezhi Cao , Xunliang Cai , Jiajun Chen , Shujian Huang

Large language models (LLMs) have exhibited outstanding performance in natural language processing tasks. However, these models remain susceptible to adversarial attacks in which slight input perturbations can lead to harmful or misleading…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Minkyoung Kim , Yunha Kim , Hyeram Seo , Heejung Choi , Jiye Han , Gaeun Kee , Soyoung Ko , HyoJe Jung , Byeolhee Kim , Young-Hak Kim , Sanghyun Park , Tae Joon Jun

The integration of Large Language Model (LLM)-based conversational agents into vehicles creates novel security challenges at the intersection of agentic AI, automotive safety, and inter-agent communication. As these intelligent assistants…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Lukas Stappen , Ahmet Erkan Turan , Johann Hagerer , Georg Groh

Ensuring safe, policy-compliant outputs from large language models requires real-time content moderation that can scale across multiple safety dimensions. However, state-of-the-art guardrail models rely on autoregressive decoders with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Urchade Zaratiana , Mary Newhauser , George Hurn-Maloney , Ash Lewis

With the growing deployment of large language models (LLMs) in real-world applications, establishing robust safety guardrails to moderate their inputs and outputs has become essential to ensure adherence to safety policies. Current…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Minseok Choi , Dongjin Kim , Seungbin Yang , Subin Kim , Youngjun Kwak , Juyoung Oh , Jaegul Choo , Jungmin Son

Recent advances in Audio-Language Models (ALMs) have significantly improved multimodal understanding capabilities. However, the introduction of the audio modality also brings new and unique vulnerability vectors. Previous studies have…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Weifei Jin , Yuxin Cao , Junjie Su , Minhui Xue , Jie Hao , Ke Xu , Jin Song Dong , Derui Wang

Generative AI, including large language models (LLMs) have the potential -- and already are being used -- to increase the speed, scale, and types of unsafe conversations online. LLMs lower the barrier for entry for bad actors to create…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Owen Hoffman , Kangze Peng , Zehua You , Sajid Kamal , Sukrit Venkatagiri

Large Language Models (LLMs) are rapidly entering children's lives - through parent-driven adoption, schools, and peer networks - yet current AI ethics and safety research do not adequately address content-related risks specific to minors.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Shaun Khoo , Gabriel Chua , Rachel Shong

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances large language models (LLMs) by integrating external knowledge sources, enabling more accurate and contextually relevant responses tailored to user queries. These systems, however, remain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Huichi Zhou , Kin-Hei Lee , Zhonghao Zhan , Yue Chen , Zhenhao Li , Zhaoyang Wang , Hamed Haddadi , Emine Yilmaz

Ensuring the safety of large language model (LLM) applications is essential for developing trustworthy artificial intelligence. Current LLM safety benchmarks have two limitations. First, they focus solely on either discriminative or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Yutao Mou , Shikun Zhang , Wei Ye

Sensitive information detection is crucial in content moderation to maintain safe online communities. Assisting in this traditionally manual process could relieve human moderators from overwhelming and tedious tasks, allowing them to focus…

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used for cybersecurity threat analysis, but their deployment in security-sensitive environments raises trust and safety concerns. With over 21,000 vulnerabilities disclosed in 2025, manual…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Reza Fayyazi , Michael Zuzak , Shanchieh Jay Yang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly embedded in child-facing contexts such as education, companionship, creative tools, but their deployment raises safety, privacy, developmental, and security risks. We conduct a systematic…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Junfeng Jiao , Saleh Afroogh , Kevin Chen , Abhejay Murali , David Atkinson , Amit Dhurandhar