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Large Language Models (LLMs) & Generative AI are transforming cybersecurity, enabling both advanced defenses and new attacks. Organizations now use LLMs for threat detection, code review, and DevSecOps automation, while adversaries leverage…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Kiarash Ahi , Vaibhav Agrawal , Saeed Valizadeh

Large Language Models (LLMs) have revolutionized Artificial Intelligence (AI) services due to their exceptional proficiency in understanding and generating human-like text. LLM chatbots, in particular, have seen widespread adoption,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Gelei Deng , Yi Liu , Yuekang Li , Kailong Wang , Ying Zhang , Zefeng Li , Haoyu Wang , Tianwei Zhang , Yang Liu

Generative AI systems powered by Large Language Models (LLMs) usually use content moderation to prevent harmful content spread. To evaluate the robustness of content moderation, several metamorphic testing techniques have been proposed to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Honghao Tan , Haibo Wang , Diany Pressato , Yisen Xu , Shin Hwei Tan

The widespread adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) has revolutionized AI deployment, enabling autonomous and semi-autonomous applications across industries through intuitive language interfaces and continuous improvements in model…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Adam Swanda , Amy Chang , Alexander Chen , Fraser Burch , Paul Kassianik , Konstantin Berlin

Large language models (LLMs) now mediate many web-based mental-health, crisis, and other emotionally sensitive services, yet their psychosocial safety in these settings remains poorly understood and weakly evaluated. We present DialogGuard,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Han Luo , Guy Laban

This paper explores the pressing issue of risk assessment in Large Language Models (LLMs) as they become increasingly prevalent in various applications. Focusing on how reward models, which are designed to fine-tune pretrained LLMs to align…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Bahareh Harandizadeh , Abel Salinas , Fred Morstatter

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at various natural language processing tasks but remain vulnerable to jailbreaking attacks that induce harmful content generation. In this paper, we reveal a critical safety inconsistency: LLMs can more…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Peng Ding , Wen Sun , Dailin Li , Wei Zou , Jiaming Wang , Jiajun Chen , Shujian Huang

The increasing deployment of Large Language Models (LLMs) across enterprise and mission-critical domains has underscored the urgent need for robust guardrailing systems that ensure safety, reliability, and compliance. Existing solutions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Karthik Avinash , Nikhil Pareek , Rishav Hada

As cyber threats continue to grow in complexity, traditional security mechanisms struggle to keep up. Large language models (LLMs) offer significant potential in cybersecurity due to their advanced capabilities in text processing and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Tiago Dinis , Miguel Correia , Roger Tavares

Safety alignment is critical for LLM-powered systems. While recent LLM-powered guardrail approaches such as LlamaGuard achieve high detection accuracy of unsafe inputs written in English (e.g., ``How to create a bomb?''), they struggle with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Wenliang Shan , Michael Fu , Rui Yang , Chakkrit Tantithamthavorn

Large Language Models (LLMs) for code generation can replicate insecure patterns from their training data. To mitigate this, a common strategy for security hardening is to fine-tune models using supervision derived from the final…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Li Huang , Zhongxin Liu , Yifan Wu , Tao Yin , Dong Li , Jichao Bi , Nankun Mu , Hongyu Zhang , Meng Yan

Large Language Model (LLM) safety guardrail models have emerged as a primary defense mechanism against harmful content generation, yet their robustness against sophisticated adversarial attacks remains poorly characterized. This study…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Richard J. Young

We introduce the Granite Guardian models, a suite of safeguards designed to provide risk detection for prompts and responses, enabling safe and responsible use in combination with any large language model (LLM). These models offer…

The ideal AI safety moderation system would be both structurally interpretable (so its decisions can be reliably explained) and steerable (to align to safety standards and reflect a community's values), which current systems fall short on.…

Evaluating Large Language Models (LLMs) for safety and security remains a complex task, often requiring users to navigate a fragmented landscape of ad hoc benchmarks, datasets, metrics, and reporting formats. To address this challenge, we…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Fatih Deniz , Dorde Popovic , Yazan Boshmaf , Euisuh Jeong , Minhaj Ahmad , Sanjay Chawla , Issa Khalil

The deployment of autonomous AI agents in sensitive domains, such as healthcare, introduces critical risks to safety, security, and privacy. These agents may deviate from user objectives, violate data handling policies, or be compromised by…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Lesly Miculicich , Mihir Parmar , Hamid Palangi , Krishnamurthy Dj Dvijotham , Mirko Montanari , Tomas Pfister , Long T. Le

Robust content moderation classifiers are essential for the safety of Generative AI systems. In this task, differences between safe and unsafe inputs are often extremely subtle, making it difficult for classifiers (and indeed, even humans)…

Large Language Models (LLMs) continue to exhibit vulnerabilities despite deliberate safety alignment efforts, posing significant risks to users and society. To safeguard against the risk of policy-violating content, system-level moderation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Jingnan Zheng , Xiangtian Ji , Yijun Lu , Chenhang Cui , Weixiang Zhao , Gelei Deng , Zhenkai Liang , An Zhang , Tat-Seng Chua

The growing demand for accessible mental health support, compounded by workforce shortages and logistical barriers, has led to increased interest in utilizing Large Language Models (LLMs) for scalable and real-time assistance. However,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Ugur Kursuncu , Trilok Padhi , Gaurav Sinha , Abdulkadir Erol , Jaya Krishna Mandivarapu , Christopher R. Larrison

Recent advancements in Text-to-Image (T2I) models have raised significant safety concerns about their potential misuse for generating inappropriate or Not-Safe-For-Work (NSFW) contents, despite existing countermeasures such as NSFW…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Yijun Yang , Ruiyuan Gao , Xiao Yang , Jianyuan Zhong , Qiang Xu
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