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Large language model (LLM) safety classifiers such as Llama Guard are effective at detecting overtly harmful prompts but remain vulnerable to adversarial jailbreak attacks that disguise malicious intent through role-play scenarios,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Lixing Lin , Juli You , Yue Li , Luyun Lin , Yiqing Wang , Zhen Zhang , Moxuan Zheng

Safeguard models help large language models (LLMs) detect and block harmful content, but most evaluations remain English-centric and overlook linguistic and cultural diversity. Existing multilingual safety benchmarks often rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Panuthep Tasawong , Jian Gang Ngui , Alham Fikri Aji , Trevor Cohn , Peerat Limkonchotiwat

Autonomous agents powered by foundation models have seen widespread adoption across various real-world applications. However, they remain highly vulnerable to malicious instructions and attacks, which can result in severe consequences such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Zhaorun Chen , Mintong Kang , Bo Li

The AI era has ushered in Large Language Models (LLM) to the technological forefront, which has been much of the talk in 2023, and is likely to remain as such for many years to come. LLMs are the AI models that are the power house behind…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Anjanava Biswas , Wrick Talukdar

This work introduces Gemma, a family of lightweight, state-of-the art open models built from the research and technology used to create Gemini models. Gemma models demonstrate strong performance across academic benchmarks for language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Gemma Team , Thomas Mesnard , Cassidy Hardin , Robert Dadashi , Surya Bhupatiraju , Shreya Pathak , Laurent Sifre , Morgane Rivière , Mihir Sanjay Kale , Juliette Love , Pouya Tafti , Léonard Hussenot , Pier Giuseppe Sessa , Aakanksha Chowdhery , Adam Roberts , Aditya Barua , Alex Botev , Alex Castro-Ros , Ambrose Slone , Amélie Héliou , Andrea Tacchetti , Anna Bulanova , Antonia Paterson , Beth Tsai , Bobak Shahriari , Charline Le Lan , Christopher A. Choquette-Choo , Clément Crepy , Daniel Cer , Daphne Ippolito , David Reid , Elena Buchatskaya , Eric Ni , Eric Noland , Geng Yan , George Tucker , George-Christian Muraru , Grigory Rozhdestvenskiy , Henryk Michalewski , Ian Tenney , Ivan Grishchenko , Jacob Austin , James Keeling , Jane Labanowski , Jean-Baptiste Lespiau , Jeff Stanway , Jenny Brennan , Jeremy Chen , Johan Ferret , Justin Chiu , Justin Mao-Jones , Katherine Lee , Kathy Yu , Katie Millican , Lars Lowe Sjoesund , Lisa Lee , Lucas Dixon , Machel Reid , Maciej Mikuła , Mateo Wirth , Michael Sharman , Nikolai Chinaev , Nithum Thain , Olivier Bachem , Oscar Chang , Oscar Wahltinez , Paige Bailey , Paul Michel , Petko Yotov , Rahma Chaabouni , Ramona Comanescu , Reena Jana , Rohan Anil , Ross McIlroy , Ruibo Liu , Ryan Mullins , Samuel L Smith , Sebastian Borgeaud , Sertan Girgin , Sholto Douglas , Shree Pandya , Siamak Shakeri , Soham De , Ted Klimenko , Tom Hennigan , Vlad Feinberg , Wojciech Stokowiec , Yu-hui Chen , Zafarali Ahmed , Zhitao Gong , Tris Warkentin , Ludovic Peran , Minh Giang , Clément Farabet , Oriol Vinyals , Jeff Dean , Koray Kavukcuoglu , Demis Hassabis , Zoubin Ghahramani , Douglas Eck , Joelle Barral , Fernando Pereira , Eli Collins , Armand Joulin , Noah Fiedel , Evan Senter , Alek Andreev , Kathleen Kenealy

Understanding and addressing potential safety alignment risks in large language models (LLMs) is critical for ensuring their safe and trustworthy deployment. In this paper, we highlight an insidious safety threat: a compromised LLM can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Guangnian Wan , Xinyin Ma , Gongfan Fang , Xinchao Wang

As Large Language Models (LLMs) become more integrated into our daily lives, it is crucial to identify and mitigate their risks, especially when the risks can have profound impacts on human users and societies. Guardrails, which filter the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Yi Dong , Ronghui Mu , Gaojie Jin , Yi Qi , Jinwei Hu , Xingyu Zhao , Jie Meng , Wenjie Ruan , Xiaowei Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed machine learning but raised significant legal concerns due to their potential to produce text that infringes on copyrights, resulting in several high-profile lawsuits. The legal landscape is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Xiaoze Liu , Ting Sun , Tianyang Xu , Feijie Wu , Cunxiang Wang , Xiaoqian Wang , Jing Gao

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable capabilities but remain vulnerable to adversarial prompts known as jailbreaks, which can bypass safety alignment and elicit harmful outputs. Despite growing efforts in LLM safety…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Guobin Shen , Dongcheng Zhao , Linghao Feng , Xiang He , Jihang Wang , Sicheng Shen , Haibo Tong , Yiting Dong , Jindong Li , Xiang Zheng , Yi Zeng

The interactive nature of Large Language Models (LLMs), which closely track user data and context, has prompted users to share personal and private information in unprecedented ways. Even when users opt out of allowing their data to be used…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-26 GodsGift Uzor , Hasan Al-Qudah , Ynes Ineza , Abdul Serwadda

As large language models (LLMs) become increasingly integrated into real-world applications, scalable and rigorous safety evaluation is essential. This paper introduces Aymara AI, a programmatic platform for generating and administering…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Juan Manuel Contreras

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong performance on simple text classification tasks, frequently under zero-shot settings. However, their efficacy declines when tackling complex social media challenges…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Elyas Meguellati , Assaad Zeghina , Shazia Sadiq , Gianluca Demartini

Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) are increasingly vulnerable to AI-generated extremist content, including photorealistic images and text, which can be used to bypass safety mechanisms and generate harmful outputs. However, existing datasets…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Bhavik Chandna , Mariam Aboujenane , Usman Naseem

Given the societal impact of unsafe content generated by large language models (LLMs), ensuring that LLM services comply with safety standards is a crucial concern for LLM service providers. Common content moderation methods are limited by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Jialin Wu , Jiangyi Deng , Shengyuan Pang , Yanjiao Chen , Jiayang Xu , Xinfeng Li , Wenyuan Xu

Safeguarding large language models (LLMs) against unsafe or adversarial behavior is critical as they are increasingly deployed in conversational and agentic settings. Existing moderation tools often treat safety risks (e.g. toxicity, bias)…

Many developers rely on Large Language Models (LLMs) to facilitate software development. Nevertheless, these models have exhibited limited capabilities in the security domain. We introduce LLMSecGuard, a framework to offer enhanced code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Arya Kavian , Mohammad Mehdi Pourhashem Kallehbasti , Sajjad Kazemi , Ehsan Firouzi , Mohammad Ghafari

AI companions powered by large language models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into users' daily lives, offering emotional support and companionship. While existing safety systems focus on overt harms, they rarely address early-stage…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Ziv Ben-Zion , Paul Raffelhüschen , Max Zettl , Antonia Lüönd , Achim Burrer , Philipp Homan , Tobias R Spiller

Powered by remarkable advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs), Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) demonstrate impressive capabilities in manifold tasks. However, the practical application scenarios of MLLMs are intricate,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Tianle Gu , Zeyang Zhou , Kexin Huang , Dandan Liang , Yixu Wang , Haiquan Zhao , Yuanqi Yao , Xingge Qiao , Keqing Wang , Yujiu Yang , Yan Teng , Yu Qiao , Yingchun Wang

Currently, large models are prone to generating harmful content when faced with complex attack instructions, significantly reducing their defensive capabilities. To address this issue, this paper proposes a method based on constructing data…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Keke Zhai

The discovery of "jailbreaks" to bypass safety filters of Large Language Models (LLMs) and harmful responses have encouraged the community to implement safety measures. One major safety measure is to proactively test the LLMs with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Haibo Jin , Ruoxi Chen , Peiyan Zhang , Andy Zhou , Haohan Wang