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This paper presents an automated approach for designing processors that support a subset of the RISC-V instruction set architecture (ISA) for a new class of applications at Extreme Edge. The electronics used in extreme edge applications…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Alireza Raisiardali , Konstantinos Iordanou , Jedrzej Kufel , Kowshik Gudimetla , Kris Myny , Emre Ozer

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) have become an intrinsic part of the 21st century world. Systems like Smart Grids, Transportation, and Healthcare help us run our lives and businesses smoothly, successfully and safely. Since malfunctions in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-05-15 Massimo Nazaria

Modern SoC design relies on the ability to separately verify IP blocks relative to their own specifications. Formal verification (FV) using SystemVerilog Assertions (SVA) is an effective method to exhaustively verify blocks at unit-level.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-04-12 Marcelo Orenes-Vera , Aninda Manocha , David Wentzlaff , Margaret Martonosi

RISC-V is a RISC based open and loyalty free instruction set architecture which has been developed since 2010, and can be used for cost-effective soft processors on FPGAs. The basic 32-bit integer instruction set in RISC-V is defined as…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-12-30 Hiromu Miyazaki , Takuto Kanamori , Md Ashraful Islam , Kenji Kise

With the rise of software-defined vehicles (SDVs), where software governs most vehicle functions alongside enhanced connectivity, the need for secure software updates has become increasingly critical. Software vulnerabilities can severely…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Martin Slind Hagen , Emil Lundqvist , Alex Phu , Yenan Wang , Kim Strandberg , Elad Michael Schiller

WebRISC-V is a web-based educational tool designed to simulate the pipelined execution of assembly programs according to the RV64IM specifications (64-bit RISC-V processor). The tool allows users to investigate pipeline stalls, understand…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Roberto Giorgi , Gianfranco Mariotti

In this paper, we propose a semi-formal verification framework for single-flux quantum (SFQ) circuits called VeriSFQ, using the Universal Verification Methodology (UVM) standard. The considered SFQ technology is superconducting digital…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2019-03-19 Alvin D. Wong , Kevin Su , Hang Sun , Arash Fayyazi , Massoud Pedram , Shahin Nazarian

System integration testing is the process of testing a system by the stepwise integration of sub-components. Usually these sub-components are already verified to guarantee their correct functional behavior. By integration of these verified…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2014-04-29 Susanne Kandl , Martin Elshuber

With the increased utilization, the small embedded and IoT devices have become an attractive target for sophisticated attacks that can exploit the devices security critical information and data in malevolent activities. Secure boot and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-04-25 Avani Dave , Nilanjan Banerjee , Chintan Patel

Simulators for the RISC-V instruction set architecture (ISA) are useful for teaching assembly language and modern CPU architecture concepts. The Assembly/Simulation Platform for Illustration of RISC-V in Education (ASPIRE) is an integrated…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-04-25 Marwan Shaban , Adam J. Rocke

Verification of modern microprocessors is a complex task that requires a substantial allocation of resources. Despite significant progress in formal verification, the goal of complete verification of an industrial design has not been…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-12-24 Shilpi Goel , Anna Slobodova , Rob Sumners , Sol Swords

Rising device use and third-party IP integration in semiconductors raise security concerns. Unauthorized access, fault injection, and privacy invasion are potential threats from untrusted actors. Different security techniques have been…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-11-20 Geraldine Shirley Nicholas , Dhruvakumar Vikas Aklekar , Bhavin Thakar , Fareena Saqib

Trusting software systems, particularly autonomous ones, is challenging. To address this, formal verification techniques can ensure these systems behave as expected. Runtime Verification (RV) is a leading, lightweight method for verifying…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Angelo Ferrando , Vadim Malvone

RISC-V CPUs leverage the RVV (RISC-V Vector) extension to accelerate data-parallel workloads. In addition to arithmetic operations, RVV includes powerful permutation instructions that enable flexible element rearrangement within vector…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Vasileios Titopoulos , George Alexakis , Chrysostomos Nicopoulos , Giorgos Dimitrakopoulos

Functional verification is a critical bottleneck in integrated circuit development, with CPU verification being especially time-intensive and labour-consuming. Industrial practice relies on differential testing for CPU verification, yet…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Jialin Sun , Yuchen Hu , Dean You , Yushu Du , Hui Wang , Xinwei Fang , Weiwei Shan , Nan Guan , Zhe Jiang

Sparse matrix vector multiplication (SpMV) is a fundamental kernel in scientific codes that rely on iterative solvers. In this first part of our work, we present both a sequential and a basic MPI parallel implementations of SpMV, aiming to…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Junchao Zhang

It has always been difficult to balance the accuracy and performance of ISSs. RTL simulators or systems such as gem5 are used to execute programs in a cycle-accurate manner but are often prohibitively slow. In contrast, functional…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-05-26 Xuan Guo , Robert Mullins

Cryptographic computations are fundamental to modern computing, ensuring data confidentiality and integrity. However, these operations are highly vulnerable to power side-channel attacks that exploit variations in power consumption to leak…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Amisha Srivastava , Muskan Porwal , Kanad Basu

Recent research has revealed an ever-growing class of microarchitectural attacks that exploit speculative execution, a standard feature in modern processors. Proposed and deployed countermeasures involve a variety of compiler updates,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-17 Jan Philipp Thoma , Jakob Feldtkeller , Markus Krausz , Tim Güneysu , Daniel J. Bernstein

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs), comprising both software and physical components, arise in many industry-relevant domains and are often mission- or safety-critical. System-Level Verification (SLV) of CPSs aims at certifying that given (e.g.,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-07-31 Toni Mancini , Igor Melatti , Enrico Tronci