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Related papers: Watermarking Recommender Systems

200 papers

Watermarking is a promising active diagnosis technique for detection of highly sophisticated attacks, but is vulnerable to malicious agents that use eavesdropped data to identify and then remove or replicate the watermark. In this work, we…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-06 Jiaxuan Zhang , Alexander J. Gallo , Riccardo M. G. Ferrari

Watermarking acts as a critical safeguard in text generated by Large Language Models (LLMs). By embedding identifiable signals into model outputs, watermarking enables reliable attribution and enhances the security of machine-generated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Yukang Lin , Jiahao Shao , Shuoran Jiang , Wentao Zhu , Bingjie Lu , Xiangping Wu , Joanna Siebert , Qingcai Chen

Watermarking has become a practical tool for tracing language model outputs, but it modifies token probabilities at inference time, which were carefully tuned by alignment training. This creates a tension: how do watermark-induced shifts…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Apurv Verma , NhatHai Phan , Shubhendu Trivedi

Statistical watermarking techniques are well-established for sequentially decoded language models (LMs). However, these techniques cannot be directly applied to order-agnostic LMs, as the tokens in order-agnostic LMs are not generated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Ruibo Chen , Yihan Wu , Yanshuo Chen , Chenxi Liu , Junfeng Guo , Heng Huang

Machine learning models constitute valuable intellectual property, yet remain vulnerable to model extraction attacks (MEA), where adversaries replicate their functionality through black-box queries. Model watermarking counters MEAs by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Yaxin Xiao , Qingqing Ye , Zi Liang , Haoyang Li , RongHua Li , Huadi Zheng , Haibo Hu

As generative artificial intelligence technologies like Stable Diffusion advance, visual content becomes more vulnerable to misuse, raising concerns about copyright infringement. Visual watermarks serve as effective protection mechanisms,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Junxian Duan , Jiyang Guan , Wenkui Yang , Ran He

Embedding watermarks into the output of generative models is essential for establishing copyright and verifiable ownership over the generated content. Emerging diffusion model watermarking methods either embed watermarks in the frequency…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-18 Yunzhuo Chen , Jordan Vice , Naveed Akhtar , Nur Al Hasan Haldar , Ajmal Mian

Diffusion large language models (dLLMs) offer faster generation than autoregressive models while maintaining comparable quality, but existing watermarking methods fail on them due to their non-sequential decoding. Unlike autoregressive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Linyu Wu , Linhao Zhong , Wenjie Qu , Yuexin Li , Yue Liu , Shengfang Zhai , Chunhua Shen , Jiaheng Zhang

The widespread use of AI-generated content from diffusion models has raised significant concerns regarding misinformation and copyright infringement. Watermarking is a crucial technique for identifying these AI-generated images and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Wenda Li , Huijie Zhang , Qing Qu

Many model watermarking methods have been developed to prevent valuable deployed commercial models from being stealthily stolen by model distillations. However, watermarks produced by most existing model watermarking methods can be easily…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-08 Laurent Charette , Lingyang Chu , Yizhou Chen , Jian Pei , Lanjun Wang , Yong Zhang

The evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs) into agentic systems that perform autonomous reasoning and tool use has created significant intellectual property (IP) value. We demonstrate that these systems are highly vulnerable to imitation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Liwen Wang , Zongjie Li , Yuchong Xie , Shuai Wang , Dongdong She , Wei Wang , Juergen Rahmel

Diffusion models (DMs) have demonstrated advantageous potential on generative tasks. Widespread interest exists in incorporating DMs into downstream applications, such as producing or editing photorealistic images. However, practical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Yunqing Zhao , Tianyu Pang , Chao Du , Xiao Yang , Ngai-Man Cheung , Min Lin

Watermarking is a commonly used strategy to protect creators' rights to digital images, videos and audio. Recently, watermarking methods have been extended to deep learning models -- in principle, the watermark should be preserved when an…

Watermarking provides a critical safeguard for large language model (LLM) services by facilitating the detection of LLM-generated text. Correspondingly, stealing watermark algorithms (SWAs) derive watermark information from watermarked…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Shuhao Zhang , Yuli Chen , Jiale Han , Bo Cheng , Jiabao Ma

The rapid development of LLMs has raised concerns about their potential misuse, leading to various watermarking schemes that typically offer high detectability. However, existing watermarking techniques often face trade-off between…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Chenrui Wang , Junyi Shu , Billy Chiu , Yu Li , Saleh Alharbi , Min Zhang , Jing Li

Watermarking plays a key role in the provenance and detection of AI-generated content. While existing methods prioritize robustness against real-world distortions (e.g., JPEG compression and noise addition), we reveal a fundamental…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Zhongjie Ba , Yitao Zhang , Peng Cheng , Bin Gong , Xinyu Zhang , Qinglong Wang , Kui Ren

Watermarking generative content serves as a vital tool for authentication, ownership protection, and mitigation of potential misuse. Existing watermarking methods face the challenge of balancing robustness and concealment. They empirically…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Huayang Huang , Yu Wu , Qian Wang

Watermarking has emerged as a crucial method to distinguish AI-generated text from human-created text. Current watermarking approaches often lack formal optimality guarantees or address the scheme and detector design separately. In this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Haiyun He , Yepeng Liu , Ziqiao Wang , Yongyi Mao , Yuheng Bu

Deep learning has achieved tremendous success in numerous industrial applications. As training a good model often needs massive high-quality data and computation resources, the learned models often have significant business values. However,…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2020-02-26 Jie Zhang , Dongdong Chen , Jing Liao , Han Fang , Weiming Zhang , Wenbo Zhou , Hao Cui , Nenghai Yu

Training machine learning (ML) models is expensive in terms of computational power, amounts of labeled data and human expertise. Thus, ML models constitute intellectual property (IP) and business value for their owners. Embedding digital…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-07-19 Sebastian Szyller , Buse Gul Atli , Samuel Marchal , N. Asokan