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We investigate the optimal charging processes for several models of quantum batteries, finding how to maximize the energy stored in a given battery with a finite-time modulation of a set of external fields. We approach the problem using…

We show that the principle of maximum entropy, a variational method appearing in statistical inference, statistical physics, and the analysis of stochastic dynamical systems, admits a geometric description from gauge theory. Using the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2023-01-05 Dalton A R Sakthivadivel

Operator entanglement is a well-established measure of operator complexity across a system bipartition. In this work, we introduce a measure for the ability of a unitary channel to generate operator entanglement, representing an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-13 Faidon Andreadakis , Emanuel Dallas , Paolo Zanardi

The realization of scalable quantum battery architectures requires concern not only with how much energy can be stored, but also with how energy is transported, distributed, and converted into extractable work across connected battery…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-25 Bing-Bing Liu , Rui Chen , Jin-Lei Wu , Gang Chen , Shi-Lei Su

The theory of quantum thermodynamics predicts fundamental bounds on work extraction from quantum states. As these bounds are derived in a very general and abstract setting, it is unclear how relevant they are in an experimental context,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-07-13 Niels Lörch , Christoph Bruder , Nicolas Brunner , Patrick P. Hofer

We analyze work extraction from a qubit into a wave guide (WG) acting as a battery, where work is the coherent component of the energy radiated by the qubit. The process is stimulated by a wave packet whose mean photon number (the battery's…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-03-31 Juliette Monsel , Marco Fellous-Asiani , Benjamin Huard , Alexia Auffèves

Quantum annealing approximately solves combinatorial optimization problems by leveraging the principles of adiabatic quantum systems. In this approach, the system's Hamiltonian evolves from an initial general state to a problem-specific…

We study a quantum battery (QB) model composed of two atoms, where the charger and battery elements are coupled to a multimode vacuum field that serves as a mediator for energy transfer. Different figures of merit such as ergotropy,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-16 Ming-Liang Hu , Ting Gao , Heng Fan

We experimentally realize protocols that allow to extract work beyond the free energy difference from a single electron transistor at the single thermodynamic trajectory level. With two carefully designed out-of-equilibrium driving cycles…

This study investigates the performance and ergotropy protection of open collective quantum batteries subject to superradiant decay. By employing a passive spectral detuning strategy within an intermediate cavity, an optimal detuning value…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-07 Tariq Zeyad Jawad

A system in thermal equilibrium with a bath will generally be in an athermal state, if the system-bath coupling is strong. In some cases, it will be possible to extract work from that athermal state, after disconnecting the system from the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-17 Karen V. Hovhannisyan , Felipe Barra , Alberto Imparato

The reduced state of a small system strongly coupled to a charger in thermal equilibrium may be athermal and used as a small battery once disconnected. By harnessing the battery-charger correlations, the battery's extractable energy can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-16 Matias Araya Satriani , Felipe Barra

We compute the quantum maximal correlation for bipartite Gaussian states of continuous-variable systems. Quantum maximal correlation is a measure of correlation with the monotonicity and tensorization properties that can be used to study…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-03-14 Salman Beigi , Saleh Rahimi-Keshari

A key concept in quantum thermodynamics is extractable work, which specifies the maximum amount of work that can be extracted from a quantum system. Different quantities are used to measure extractable work, the most prevalent of which are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-17 Amin Mohammadi , Afshin Shafiee

We examine the relationship between the second law of thermodynamics and the energy eigenstates of quantum many-body systems that undergo cyclic unitary evolution. Using a numerically optimized control protocol, we analyze how the work…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-08 Shotaro Z. Baba , Nobuyuki Yoshioka , Takahiro Sagawa

A short introduction on quantum thermodynamics is given and three new topics are discussed: 1) Maximal work extraction from a finite quantum system. The thermodynamic prediction fails and a new, general result is derived, the ``ergotropy''.…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 A. E. Allahverdyan , R. Balian , Th. M. Nieuwenhuizen

Measurement-Based Quantum Networks (MBQNs) rely on multipartite pre-shared entanglement resources to satisfy entanglement requests. Traditional designs optimize these resources for individual tasks, neglecting that multiple tasks may arrive…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-13 Jakob Kaltoft Søndergaard , René Bødker Christensen , Petar Popovski

Within quantum thermodynamics, many tasks are modelled by processes that require work sources represented by out-of-equilibrium quantum systems, often dubbed quantum batteries, in which work can be deposited or from which work can be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-26 Pharnam Bakhshinezhad , Beniamin R. Jablonski , Felix C. Binder , Nicolai Friis

Free energy fixes the maximum work of a thermodynamic process once the state and Hamiltonian are specified. A work-extraction task asks a different question: how much average work can a single device realize across several preparations and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-06 Sumit Rout , Aravinth Balaji Ravichandran , Paweł Horodecki , Anubhav Chaturvedi

We consider the amount of work which can be extracted from a heat bath using a bipartite state shared by two parties. In general it is less then the amount of work extractable when one party is in possession of the entire state. We derive…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Jonathan Oppenheim , Michal Horodecki , Pawel Horodecki , Ryszard Horodecki
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