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The pretraining of state-of-the-art large language models now requires trillions of words of text, which is orders of magnitude more than available for the vast majority of languages. While including text in more than one language is an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Risto Luukkonen , Jonathan Burdge , Elaine Zosa , Aarne Talman , Ville Komulainen , Väinö Hatanpää , Peter Sarlin , Sampo Pyysalo

Large language models (LLMs) have become the foundation of many applications, leveraging their extensive capabilities in processing and understanding natural language. While many open-source LLMs have been released with technical reports,…

We introduce Mistral 7B v0.1, a 7-billion-parameter language model engineered for superior performance and efficiency. Mistral 7B outperforms Llama 2 13B across all evaluated benchmarks, and Llama 1 34B in reasoning, mathematics, and code…

We introduce LLaMA, a collection of foundation language models ranging from 7B to 65B parameters. We train our models on trillions of tokens, and show that it is possible to train state-of-the-art models using publicly available datasets…

In this paper, we propose and describe the first open Llama2 large language models (LLMs) for the Lithuanian language, including an accompanying question/answer (Q/A) dataset and translations of popular LLM benchmarks. We provide a brief…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Artūras Nakvosas , Povilas Daniušis , Vytas Mulevičius

We introduce the Bittensor Language Model, called "BTLM-3B-8K", a new state-of-the-art 3 billion parameter open-source language model. BTLM-3B-8K was trained on 627B tokens from the SlimPajama dataset with a mixture of 2,048 and 8,192…

We present the first domain-adapted and fully-trained large language model, RecGPT-7B, and its instruction-following variant, RecGPT-7B-Instruct, for text-based recommendation. Experimental results on rating prediction and sequential…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Hoang Ngo , Dat Quoc Nguyen

Despite the vast repository of global medical knowledge predominantly being in English, local languages are crucial for delivering tailored healthcare services, particularly in areas with limited medical resources. To extend the reach of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Xidong Wang , Nuo Chen , Junyin Chen , Yidong Wang , Guorui Zhen , Chunxian Zhang , Xiangbo Wu , Yan Hu , Anningzhe Gao , Xiang Wan , Haizhou Li , Benyou Wang

Large Language Models(LLMs) have shown exceptional abilities, yet training these models can be quite challenging. There is a strong dependence on the quality of data and finding the best instruction tuning set. Further, the inherent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Nikhil Kothari , Ravindra Nayak , Shreyas Shetty , Amey Patil , Nikesh Garera

Continued pretraining extends a language model's capabilities by further exposing it to additional data, often tailored to a specific linguistic or domain context. This strategy has emerged as an efficient alternative to full retraining…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Thales Sales Almeida , Rodrigo Nogueira , Hélio Pedrini

The recent breakthroughs in Large Language Models (LLMs) have mostly focused on languages with easily available and sufficient resources, such as English. However, there remains a significant gap for languages that lack sufficient…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Louis Owen , Vishesh Tripathi , Abhay Kumar , Biddwan Ahmed

Language models (LMs) have introduced a major paradigm shift in Natural Language Processing (NLP) modeling where large pre-trained LMs became integral to most of the NLP tasks. The LMs are intelligent enough to find useful and relevant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Abbas Raza Ali , Muhammad Ajmal Siddiqui , Rema Algunaibet , Hasan Raza Ali

How do large language models (LLMs) develop and evolve over the course of training? How do these patterns change as models scale? To answer these questions, we introduce \textit{Pythia}, a suite of 16 LLMs all trained on public data seen in…

As the latest advancements in natural language processing, large language models (LLMs) have achieved human-level language understanding and generation abilities in many real-world tasks, and even have been regarded as a potential path to…

Large language models (LLMs) with billions of parameters have demonstrated outstanding performance on various natural language processing tasks. This report presents OpenBA, an open-sourced 15B bilingual asymmetric seq2seq model, to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Juntao Li , Zecheng Tang , Yuyang Ding , Pinzheng Wang , Pei Guo , Wangjie You , Dan Qiao , Wenliang Chen , Guohong Fu , Qiaoming Zhu , Guodong Zhou , Min Zhang

Large language models are powerful but often limited by high computational cost, privacy concerns, and English-centric training. Recent progress demonstrates that small, efficient models with around one billion parameters can deliver strong…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Anna Aksenova , Boris Zverkov , Nicola Dainese , Alexander Nikitin , Pekka Marttinen

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance on a variety of natural language tasks based on just a few examples of natural language instructions, reducing the need for extensive feature engineering. However, most…

In this technical report, we present Skywork-13B, a family of large language models (LLMs) trained on a corpus of over 3.2 trillion tokens drawn from both English and Chinese texts. This bilingual foundation model is the most extensively…

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated prowess in a wide range of tasks. However, many LLMs exhibit significant performance discrepancies between high- and low-resource languages. To mitigate this challenge, we present FuxiTranyu,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Haoran Sun , Renren Jin , Shaoyang Xu , Leiyu Pan , Supryadi , Menglong Cui , Jiangcun Du , Yikun Lei , Lei Yang , Ling Shi , Juesi Xiao , Shaolin Zhu , Deyi Xiong

Large language models (LLMs) have showcased profound capabilities in language understanding and generation, facilitating a wide array of applications. However, there is a notable paucity of detailed, open-sourced methodologies on…