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Optimal power flow (OPF) is an important technique for power systems to achieve optimal operation while satisfying multiple constraints. The traditional OPF are mostly centralized methods which are executed in the centralized control…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2019-03-05 Qiao Li , David Wenzhong Gao , Lin Cheng , Fang Zhang , Weihang Yan

Optimisation and simulation models for the design and operation of grid-connected distributed energy systems (DES) often exclude the inherent nonlinearities related to power flow and generation and storage units, to maintain an…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-05-05 Ishanki A. De Mel , Oleksiy V. Klymenko , Michael Short

This paper proposes a novel approach using Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) to solve the AC Power Flow problem in power grids. AC OPF is essential for minimizing generation costs while meeting the operational constraints of the grid.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-11 Seyedamirhossein Talebi , Kaixiong Zhou

The AC Optimal Power Flow (AC-OPF) problem is a non-convex, NP-hard optimization task essential for secure and economic power system operation. While interior-point methods are widely used due to their computational efficiency, spatial…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-04 Ignacio Repiso , Salvador Pineda , Juan Miguel Morales

Optimal Power Flow (OPF) is a valuable tool for power system operators, but it is a difficult problem to solve for large systems. Machine Learning (ML) algorithms, especially Neural Networks-based (NN) optimization proxies, have emerged as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-13 Rahul Nellikkath , Mathieu Tanneau , Pascal Van Hentenryck , Spyros Chatzivasileiadis

This tutorial summarizes recent advances in the convex relaxation of the optimal power flow (OPF) problem, focusing on structural properties rather than algorithms. Part I presents two power flow models, formulates OPF and their relaxations…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-11-18 Steven H. Low

This paper develops a computationally efficient algorithm which speeds up the probabilistic power flow (PPF) problem by exploiting the inherently low-rank nature of the voltage profile in electrical power distribution networks. The…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-15 Samuel Chevalier , Luca Schenato , Luca Daniel

The optimal power flow (OPF) problem is one of the most important optimization problems for the operation of the power grid. It calculates the optimum scheduling of the committed generation units. In this paper, we develop a neural network…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-08-31 Wenqian Dong , Zhen Xie , Gokcen Kestor , Dong Li

Training learning parameterizations to solve optimal power flow (OPF) with pointwise constraints is proposed. In this novel training approach, a learning parameterization is substituted directly into an OPF problem with constraints required…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-24 Damian Owerko , Anna Scaglione , Alejandro Ribeiro

This paper proposes a quasi-optimal power flow (OPF) algorithm for flexible DC traction power systems (TPSs). Near-optimal solutions can be solved with high computational efficiency by the proposed quasi-OPF. Unlike conventional OPF…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-08 Zhanhe Li , Xiaoqian Li , Yingdong Wei , Chao Lu , Xuelian Bai

AC optimal power flow (AC-OPF) problems need to be solved more frequently in the future to maintain stable and economic power system operation. To tackle this challenge, a deep neural network-based voltage-constrained approach (DeepOPF-V)…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-07-20 Wanjun Huang , Xiang Pan , Minghua Chen , Steven H. Low

Ensuring both feasibility and efficiency in optimal power flow (OPF) operations has become increasingly important in modern power systems with high penetrations of renewable energy and energy storage. While deep neural networks (DNNs) have…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-13 Yeomoon Kim , Minsoo Kim , Jip Kim

Gradient flows are a powerful tool for optimizing functionals in general metric spaces, including the space of probabilities endowed with the Wasserstein metric. A typical approach to solving this optimization problem relies on its…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-12-02 David Alvarez-Melis , Yair Schiff , Youssef Mroueh

We propose a novel algorithm to solve optimal power flow (OPF) that aims at dispatching controllable distributed energy resources (DERs) for voltage regulation at minimum cost. The proposed algorithm features unprecedented scalability to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-03-07 Xinyang Zhou , Zhiyuan Liu , Wenbo Wang , Changhong Zhao , Fei Ding , Lijun Chen

Optimal transmission switching (OTS) improves optimal power flow (OPF) by selectively opening transmission lines, but its mixed-integer formulation increases computational complexity, especially on large grids. To address this, we propose a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-05 Minsoo Kim , Matthew Brun , Andy Sun , Jip Kim

The optimal power flow (OPF) problem is one of the most fundamental problems in power system operations. The non-linear alternating current (AC) power flow equations that model different physical laws (together with operational constraints)…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-12-08 M. H. M. Christianen , S. van Kempen , M. Vlasiou , B. Zwart

Stepwise controllable devices, such as switched capacitors or stepwise controllable loads and generators, transform the nonconvex AC optimal power flow (AC-OPF) problem into a nonconvex mixed-integer (MI) programming problem which is…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-13 Johannes Heid , Nils Bornhorst , Eric Tönges , Philipp Härtel , Denis Mende , Martin Braun

The AC Optimal Power Flow (AC-OPF) problem is central to power system operation but challenging to solve efficiently due to its nonconvex and nonlinear nature. Neural networks (NNs) offer fast surrogates, yet their black-box behavior raises…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-04 Bastien Giraud , Rahul Nellikath , Johanna Vorwerk , Maad Alowaifeer , Spyros Chatzivasileiadis

Ensuring solution feasibility is a key challenge in developing Deep Neural Network (DNN) schemes for solving constrained optimization problems, due to inherent DNN prediction errors. In this paper, we propose a ``preventive learning''…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Tianyu Zhao , Xiang Pan , Minghua Chen , Steven H. Low

This paper introduces for the first time a framework to obtain provable worst-case guarantees for neural network performance, using learning for optimal power flow (OPF) problems as a guiding example. Neural networks have the potential to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-06-22 Andreas Venzke , Guannan Qu , Steven Low , Spyros Chatzivasileiadis